API 5L X65 Umuyoboro w'Umurongo

Mu muryango wa API 5L,X65ni kenshi itoranywa igihe abahinguzi bashaka umuvuduko munini wo gukoresha n'ugutanga amakuru ku rugendo rurerure-, ariko bagakeneye urugero rushobora gusudirwa no gushirwaho neza ku kibanza. Ni vyerekanwa cane ku mirongo y’amavuta y’ibitoro n’ay’amazi, imiyoboro yoherezwa hanze y’ikiyaga, imirongo ya gazi yo mu karere n’imitwe y’ibibanza vy’umuvuduko munini aho X52/X60 iguma ifatanye n’ibipimo vy’uburemere bw’uruhome, mu gihe X70/X80 yokwongerako ibikoresho bidakenewe n’ugusudira bigoranye.

Iyo X65 imaze gutorwa, ingingo ikurikira akenshi ni iyo .urupapuro rw'igicuruzwa: ERW/HFW, LSAW/IKIMENYETSO canke IKIMENYETSO/IKIMENYETSO. Iryo hitamwo rivana n’ingene umurongo uzoba wubatswe - ugororotse ku butaka, amabarabara/uruzi ajabuka, amazi atagira ubwagu -lay canke amazi maremare-J-lay - no ku buryo bwo gupfuka hanze n’imbere bisabwa kugira ngo iyo nzira ikore.

IgitigiriX65ni igisobanuro muriAPI 5L(bihuye cane n'ISO 3183), ikigereranyo nyamukuru c’imiyoboro y’umurongo idafise umurongo kandi ikoreshwa mu gutwara imiyoboro y’amavuta na gazi. Amazina nka "X65M" canke "X65Q" yerekana urugero rw'inkomezi n'ingene umuntu atanga:

• X65 (PSL1)– umurongo w'intango w'imiyoboro
• X65M (PSL2)– thermo-ikoreshwa n'ubuhinga, ikomeza gukomera
• X65Q (PSL2)– zizimye kandi zishavuye kubera igikorwa gisaba cane

Ku bice vy'inzira bifatwa nk'ibihambaye - nk'ibidukikije bijabuka n'Serivisi yo hanze y'ikiyagaimirongo yoherezwa hanze - ibisobanuro akenshi bisabaPSL2 X65kubera ubugenzuzi bwayo bukomeye bw’ubuhinga bwa shimi, ibipimo vy’ubukomezi vy’ingenzi n’inyandiko zitomoye cane. Seamless X65 yemerewe n'itegeko, ariko uburebure bunini-n'uburebure burebure-imiyoboro ikunda guhitamwogusudirwa X65kugira ngo ubushobozi, uburyo bwo gusudira n’igiciro c’umugambi bibe bihuye.

Mu sisitemu ya API 5L,X65ihuye n’inkomezi z’umwimbu ntoyi cane (SMYS) za 100.000.65.000 psi (≈ 450 MPa). Uwo mubare uja mu ruhome-uburebure n'umuvuduko mu mirongo ya ASME B31.4, B31.8 n'amakode asa n'ayo.

Imbonerahamwe 1 – Ivyiza bimenyerewe vy’ubuhinga (ivyerekezo):

Mu biharuro vy’imiterere, SMYS igwizwa n’igice c’imiterere kugira ngo itange umuvuduko wemerewe w’uruzitiro, kandi ivyo bica bishinga umuvuduko munini wo gukora.SMTSitanga uruhande rw’inyongera rwo kurwanya ukunanirwa kw’iherezo iyo umukazo wo mu mutima ufatanijwe n’ugupfukama, ingaruka z’ubushuhe n’imitwaro yo hanze.Ugukurani ikintu gihambaye mu gihe c’ubwubatsi n’ugukoresha, kuko kigaragaza ingene umuyoboro ushobora kwihanganira neza gupfukama kw’umurima, gufatanya-ins, gusubira inyuma no gusubira hasi igihe kirekire-ataco usaduka.

Ku bijanye na PSL2 X65, inyandiko z'umugambi akenshi zisobanuraCharpy V-igerageza ry'ingarukaku bushuhe busobanuwe, kandi, ku ruhome rwinshi canke imirongo y'ubushuhe buke-,DWTT(drop-uburemere bw’amarira y’ibipimo) kugira ngo hashigikirwe isuzuma ry’ugucungera ukuvunika.

Kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku nkomezi za X65 ataco atuma gusudira bigorana cane, iyo grade ishingiye ku buhinga buringaniye aho kwizigira ivy’ivyuma vyinshi cane. Ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba, manganese n’ivy’umuyagankuba bitobito bitunganirizwa hamwe kugira ngo bishike ku ntego z’inkomezi n’ubukomezi, mu gihe phosphore n’ikibiriti bifise aho bigarukira kugira ngo bikingire ubushobozi bwo gusudira n’ubushobozi bwa HAZ.

Imbonerahamwe 2 – Ivyiyumviro bisanzwe vy’imiyoboro y’umurongo wa X65 (agaciro k’ishingiro):

Duvuye ku mbonerahamwe y'ubuhinga:

• Karboni (C)itanga inkomezi z’ishimikiro ariko itegerezwa kuguma ku rugero rugumya igitigiri c’umuyagankuba (CE) kibereye gukoreshwa mu gusudira mu murima.
• Mangani (Mn)ishigikira inkomezi n'ubushuhe buke-ubukomezi.
• Fosifori (P) n'ikibiriti (S)biragabanywa muri PSL2 kugira ngo bigabanye inyifato y’ugusenyuka, cane cane hirya no hino y’ibihimba vy’umubiri n’ivyo mu HAZ.
• Niyobiyo, vanadiyo na titaniyamu (Nb/V/Ti)mu rugero rutoyi rwo gutunganya ubunini bw’intete no gufasha gushitsa ibisabwa vyo gukomera ku migambi isaba cane.

Ku turere dukanye canke ibikorwa vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga mu mazi maremare canke afise ubushuhe buke, ibisobanuro vy’umugambi bishobora gushiramwo imipaka ikomeye cane ku bijanye n’imibare yose y’ibintu bikoreshwa mu gusudira no gucungera ibice.

Mu gushitsa umugambi, ikiganiro ntikigera kijanye n'ivyuma bitaboneka "X65", ahubwo kijanye n'X65 umuyoboro wakozwe n'uburyo bumwe bumwe, imwe yose ifise urutonde rwayo rw'uburebure, ubushobozi bw'uruhome-n'imiterere y'igiciro.

ERW / HFW (Ivyiyumviro vyinshi -Ivyiyumviro):

• Ivuye mu nzira ishoshe-izingijwe ipfutse, ikaba ihindutse uruzitiro kandi ikaba ipfutse ku ruhande rw’umurongo w’uburebure.
• Igisanzwe ku bipimo bitobito n’ibiringaniye bifise uburebure bw’uruhome buringaniye mu matiyo y’ubutaka no mu matiyo y’ibibanza.
• Ubwiza bw’umudozi w’ivyuma bugenzurwa na NDT yo kuri Internet; ku migambi ya PSL2, ubushuhe bwo mu karere inyuma y'ugusudira mu gusudira na HAZ burashobora gusobanurwamwo.

LSAW / SAWL (Igikoresho c'uburebure):

• Ihinguwe n’amasahani hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwa UOE canke JCO, ikurikirwa n’ubuhinga bwo gukora amabuye y’imbere n’inyuma.
• Bibereyeuburebure bunini n'inkuta ndendebisabwa mu mirongo y'amazi y'umuvuduko munini -n'imiyoboro y'amazi yoherezwa hanze.
• Ivyerekeye bimenyetso birimwo umubiri wose-UT na/canke RT, n'ugutera ubushuhe bwo gukuraho umubabaro ku bice biremerera.

SSAW / SAWH (IKIMENYETSO c'Umurongo):

• Igizwe n’uruzitiro ku mfuruka y’uruzitiro kandi kikaba gishizwe ku mpande zompi biciye ku nzira z’uruzitiro rwo mu mazi.
• Ivyiza aho ama diamètres manini n’ikoreshwa ry’ama coil ari vyo bituma habaho igiciro gihambaye.
• Igipande c’ivyuma gicapurwa mu burebure bwaco bwose, akenshi gicapurwa na UT, aho bisabwa, na RT.
• API 5L iremeza X65 idafise umurongo n'iyishizweko amabuye, ariko ku mirongo myinshi y'ubushobozi bwinshi yo ku butaka no ku nkengera y'ikiyaga,gusudirwa X65ni ryo ryiza kuko ritanga ama diamètres manini, uburyo bwo gusudira bushobora gusubirwamwo n’igiciro co gushiramwo gihuye n’ibindi.

Inyuma y'ijambo "PSL1 / PSL2" kuri X65 ahanini rigira ingaruka kukwizigirwa no gukurikirana, si urugero rw’inkomezi rw’ishimikiro. SMYS ni co kimwe, ariko PSL2 yongerako ibisabwa bikomeye cane ku bijanye n’ubuhinga bwa shimi, ubukomezi, NDT n’inyandiko.

Imbonerahamwe ya 3 – X65 PSL1 na PSL2 (vyoroshe):

Mu bikorwa, PSL1 akenshi ikoreshwa mu gukorakoranya ivyago bifise ingorane zitoya- canke mu mirongo y’ibiterwa, mu gihe PSL2 itoranywa ku bice vy’imirongo nyamukuru, imirongo ijabuka ihambaye n’imirongo yoherezwa hanze ijyanye n’iterambere ryo mu kiyaga.

X65 welded pipe ishobora gutegekwa mu rutonde rw’ingero rupfutse uburyo bwo gukorakoranya, imirongo y’ugutanga amakuru y’urugendo rurerure-n’inzira zo gutwara amakuru hanze, n’uburebure bw’uruhome bugenwa n’inguvu zo mu mutima, ingufu zo hanze n’igenzura ry’ugushikama.

Imbonerahamwe ya 4 – Ingano zisanzwe z’umuyoboro w’umurongo wa X65 (ikimenyetso):

KuberaSerivisi yo hanze y'ikiyaga, ibisobanuro bishobora kwongera kugenzura uburebure bw’uruziga n’ubudatunganye bw’ubuhinga bwo mu karere, kubera ko umukazo wo hanze, ugupfukama n’imitwaro yo gushiramwo (S-lay, J-lay, reel-lay) bikomeye cane kuruta ku mirongo isanzwe yo ku butaka. Iherezo ry'imiyoboro rishobora gutangwa nk'ikiyaya (PE), isongoye (BE)canke n'imashini zisanzwe kugira ngo zihure n'ibifata amaboko, umurima-ibisobanuro vy'ivyuma canke uburyo bwo gufatanya.

Igishushanyo c’uburyo bwa X65 mu bisanzwe gifatanya igerageza ry’amazi, NDT n’igerageza ry’ubuhinga. Ku miyoboro yageneweSerivisi yo hanze y'ikiyagacanke amabarabara ari hafi y’inkombe, ubwoko bumwe bw’ibigeragezo burakoreshwa, ariko uburebure bwavyo n’ingingo ngenderwako zo kwemera akenshi biratunganirizwa.

Imbonerahamwe ya 5 – Ivyerekana igenzura (n’ibikorwa vyo mu mazi):

* "Ivyiyumviro vy'inyongera ku bikorwa vyo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga" bivuga mu ncamake umugambi usanzwe-w'ugutunganya imirongo yo munsi y'ikiyaga canke hafi y'inkengera.

Inyuma y’ivyo, igikorwa co ku nkengera y’ikiyaga akenshi gisaba ko umuntu agenzura canegusenyuka kw'inyuma n'uburinzi bw'ubuhinga, Nk'akarorero:

• Ivyerekeye ubuhinga bwo gupfuka hanze mu gihe c’ugupfukama mu gihe ca S-lay, J-lay canke reel-lay.
• Uburyo bwo gupfuka amahuriro y'umurima bwagaragaye bujanye n'ugupfuka umurongo mukuru.
• Beton uburemere bwo gupfuka canke amaboko kugira ngo ushikire ku-ugushikama hasi.
• Ugushingira intahe kw’uwundi muntu (BV, DNV, SGS, n’ibindi) ku bijanye n’ugupima ivy’ugupfuka n’ivy’ubuhinga.

API 5L X65 pipe y’iyi migambi ishobora gukorwa no kugeragezwa mu gihe c’ubugenzuzi bw’uwundi muntu kugira ngo ihure n’amategeko y’imiterere y’ibintu vyo mu mazi n’ibisabwa vy’umugambi QA/QC.

Ku bakoresha benshi,X65ni "ifarashi y'akazi" ikora igihe umukazo usabwa, uburebure bw'inzira n'akamaro k'umurongo birenze ahantu h'impumurizo ka X52/X60, ariko umugambi uracari ukeneye inyifato yo gusudira n'igiciro co gushiramwo. Ibisabwa bisanzwe birimwo:

• Imiyoboro y'urugendo rurerure -amavuta y'ibitoke na gazi kavukire
• Imirongo yo gushora ibintu hanze y'ikiyaga kuva mu mirima yo munsi y'ikiyaga gushika ku bibanza vyo ku nkombe
• Ibice vy'ubutaka biri hafi y'inkombe n'inzira zigoye zo kwegera
• Inziga zo gutanga gazi mu karere n'imiyoboro y'ibibanza vy'umuvuduko munini -
• Ivyatoranijwe vy'umurongo w'amazi n'ivy'ugutera imbere aho X65 ihuye n'umugambi w'isi yose

Nk'umushingantahe w'umugambi-,Umuyoboro w'umunanin'ugutanga API 5L X65 pipe muri PSL1 na PSL2 n'amahitamwo ya ERW, LSAW na SSAW, bihuye n'umugambi w'inzira, umurongo, uburebure bw'uruhome, uburyo bwo gupfuka n'uburebure bw'ikigeragezo, kandi bishobora gutegura isuzuma ry'uwundi muntu ku busabe kugira ngo bihure n'ibisabwa n'ubuhinga bw'umukiriya na QA/QC ku both.

IBIBAZO bibazwa

 

 

IKIBAZO CA 1: Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati y’umuyoboro w’umurongo wa API 5L X65 PSL1 na PSL2?

A1:PSL2 isaba ubugenzuzi bukomeye bw'ubuhinga bwa shimi n'ugupima/ugukurikirana gukomeye, ni co gituma bikunda gusobanurwa ku mirongo y'amazi ihambaye.

IKIBAZO CA 2: Nohitamwo gute ERW vs LSAW vs SSAW ku bijanye n’umuyoboro w’umurongo wa API 5L X65?

A2:Hitamwo ushingiye ku OD/uruhome rukenewe n'umugambi spec-ERW ku bipimo bito/biri hagati, LSAW/SSAW ku bipimo binini n'inkuta zikomeye.

IKIBAZO CA 3: Ni inyandiko izihe n’ibipimo nshobora gusaba ku bijanye n’umuyoboro w’umurongo wa API 5L X65 imbere y’uko ngura?

A3:Gusaba 3.1 MTC n'ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana umubare w'ubushuhe, urugero rwa PSL, CE/CEpcm, ibisubizo vya NDT (UT/RT nk'uko bisabwa), igerageza ry'amazi, n'ibisabwa vyose vy'umunyu -niba bishoboka

Ivyemezo

 

Icemezo ca CE

Icemezo ca ISO 9001

Icemezo ca API Q1

Icemezo ca ABS

Icemezo ca AP-5L

Icemezo ca API-5CT