API 5L X70 Umurongo w'imiyoboro y'amabuye y'agaciro

API 5L umurongo w’imiyoboro grades zipfuka inkomezi nyinshi;X70ifata umurongo wo hejuru aho abahinguzi b’ibintu bashobora kuguma bashoboye uburyo bwo gusudira mu murima. Imirongo myinshi ya gazi y’urugendo rurerure-n’imiyoboro yo gushora hanze y’igihugu igenda ija kuri X70 ahanini ija kuriguca uburebure bw'uruhome n'uburemere bw'icumaata kugabanya umukazo wo guhingura. Uwo mugwi w’inkomezi nyinshi n’ubushobozi bwo gusudira bushobora kugenzurwa usigura igituma X70 akenshi isubirira X60/X65 ku nzira nshasha, zifise ubushobozi bwinshi.

• Inguvu nyinshi zo gukoresha ku bijanye n'ugutanga gazi ku rugendo rurerure-
• Kugabanya uburemere bw'imiyoboro ku butaka buyoroshe canke ahantu hagoye
• Imirongo yo gushora ibintu hanze ihuye n'iterambere ryo mu mazi aho uburebure bw'inzira bwongerera igiciro c'icuma
• Guhinduranya canke gutera imbere mu mirongo isanzweho mu gihe ugumana uburebure bw'uruhome mu mipaka y'ubwubatsi

Igihe umugambi umaze gufunga muri X70, ibisobanuro vy'ibikoresho akenshi birasobanuraUrugero rwa PSL, uburyo bw'igicuruzwa gikozwe n'iciyumviro co gupfukahamwe, hanyuma yongerako NDT, ivyangombwa n’ibisabwa vyo kwubaka bikikuje iryo hitamwo nyamukuru.

Inyandiko y'ishingiro yaAPI 5L X70 umuyoboro w'umurongoni API 5L standard, ihuye na ISO 3183. Ivyerekeye umugambi akenshi bisaba kimwe muri ivyo bihuriro:

• X70 PSL1– umuyoboro w'umurongo w'amabuye y'agaciro ku bijanye n'ugutanga amakuru muri rusangi
• X70 PSL2– umuyoboro w'umurongo ushizwemwo amabuye ufise imipaka ikomeye, ibigenderwako vy'ubukomezi n'ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana

API 5L ipfuka ibintu vyose bitagira umugozi n'ibishizweko amabuye, ariko urugendo rurerure-, uburebure bunini-bushingiye cane kuX70. Ku muyoboro wa PSL2, inyandiko z'umugambi zivuga:

• Ivyo gutanga (TMCP canke Q+T, bivanye n'inzira y'isahani/ibara)
• Ibisabwa Charpy ingaruka ubushuhe n'inguvu zinywa
• NDT uburebure n'incuro ku mugozi wo gusudira n'umubiri w'umuyoboro
• Amategeko yo gukurikirana kuva ku bushuhe bw'icuma gushika ku muyoboro uheze, harimwo ibisubizo vy'igerageza n'inyandiko z'ivyo gupfuka

Uburyo bwo gukora insyo n’imigambi yo gusuzuma no kugerageza (ITPs) hanyuma ivyo bisabwa bihindurwa mu ntambwe z’uguhingura n’imigambi yo gufata ivyerekanwa.

Ikiranga X70 ni .inkomezi z'umwimbu mutoyi zigaragajwe (SMYS)yo70.000 psi (≈ 485 MPa)munsi ya API 5L. Uwo murongo w’umwimbu munini niwo utuma abahinguzi b’ibintu bagabanya uburebure bw’uruhome ugereranyije na X60/X65 ku gipimo kimwe c’umuhinguzi.

Imbonerahamwe 1 – Ivyiza bimenyerewe vy’ubuhinga (ivyerekezo):

Ivyiyumviro vy'imiterere y'inkomezi nyinshi-:

• SMYS isumba izindi ishoboza inkuta zitobato ku gitutu c’imbere, ariko amashirahamwe y’abahinga mu bijanye n’uguhingura inkuta aca yitwararika cane uburebure bw’uruzitiro, ugupfukama kw’aho hantu n’imitwaro yo hanze, cane cane ku bikorwa vyo guhamba no ku nkengera y’ikiyaga.
• SMTS ifatanijwe n’imibare yo gucungera imivumo kugira ngo isuzume inyifato yo guhagarika imivumo, ivyo bikaba ari ngirakamaro ku mirongo ya gazi y’urugendo rurerure-.
• Ugukura bitegerezwa kuguma bihagije kugira ngo umurima ukanye upfuke, ubohe-ins n’uguhinduka kw’isi; imigambi myinshi irakwije ibisabwa n’ugupfuka no gusudira ku muyoboro X70 userukira imbere y’uko ugusudira kw’ibikorwa vyose gutangura.

Imigambi ya PSL2 X70 akenshi isobanuraCharpy V-igerageza ry'ingarukaku bushuhe busobanuwe. Uruhome ruremereye-n'imirongo y'ugutanga gazi akenshi yongerakoDWTT (itonyanga-ibipimo vy'amarira y'uburemere)kugira ngo bashigikire ukugenzura ukwiragira kw’imivumo.

Inzira y’uguhingura irafise uruhara runini mu kuntu X70 ikora iyo imaze gushirwako. Mu migambi myinshi y'uburebure bunini-, y'umuvuduko munini -gazi n'amavuta,LSAW (SAWL) ifatwa nk'uburyo bwa mbere, mu gihe ERW/HFW na SSAW zikoreshwa aho ubushobozi bwazo bwo gupima umurongo n’uburebure bujanye n’ibahasha ry’umugero.

1 LSAW / SAWL – Inzira Nkuru y'Imirongo y'Imirongo y'Imirongo y'Imirongo y'Imirongo

LSAW X70 umuyoboro ukoreshwa kuvaisahani yagutsevyakozwe n'imigenderanire ya UOE canke JCO kandi bikaba bishizwe hakoreshejweibiri-impande zibiri z'urusenga rwo mu mazi. Iyi nzira ihuriweko irashigikirauburebure bunini n'inkuta ziremereye, ni co nyene gikenewe ku mirongo miremire y’amazi n’imirongo yoherezwa hanze y’ikiyaga ikoreshwa n’umuvuduko munini. Ivyerekeye guhingura no gusudira birashirwaho kugira ngo inkomezi z’isahani, inkomezi z’ugusudira n’ubukomezi bwa HAZ vyose bihure n’ibisabwa na X70 hirya no hino y’umuzingiti wose.

Ibiranga ibisobanuro vya LSAW X70 birimwo:

• Uburebure bushitse - UT ku mudogo wo gusudira n'umubiri w'umuyoboro, na RT ahantu hasobanuwe aho bisabwa
• Ubushuhe bwo gukuraho umubabaro-ugutera ubushuhe ku bice vy'uruhome bikomeye-kugira ngo ugabanye umubabaro usigaye kandi utere imbere mu kugenzura ingero
• Ukwihanganira gukomeye ku hanze -y'-ubuzinguzingu n'ubugororotsi kugira ngo ushobore gushigikira ugupfukama kw'umurima no gushiramwo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga
• Aho gufata ivyitegererezo hasobanuwe mu vyuma vy'ishimikiro, HAZ n'ivyuma vy'ugusudira ku bipimo vy'ugukomera n'ugukomeretswa

Uyu muvango wainkomezi zikomeye, uruhome-ubushobozi bw'uburebure n'ukuri kw'ubuhingairasigura igituma LSAW ari yo nzira ya mbere yo guhingura isuzumwa igihe umugambi ugaragaza X70 ku mirongo mishasha y’imiduga.

2 ERW / HFW na SSAW – Inzira z’inyongera

LSAW ntipfuka uburebure bwose n'uburebure bw'uruhome-.ERW/HFW na SSAWwuzuze ibisigaye kandi ushigikire ibisabwa vyo mu karere:

ERW / HFW X70

• Ivuye mu nzira ishushe-izunguruka, ipfutse kandi ikorwa imbere y’ugusudira kw’incuro nyinshi-umudozi w’uburebure.
• Ikoreshwa cane cane ku bipimo bitobito n’ibiciriye hagati bifise uburebure bw’uruhome buringaniye mu mirongo y’ubutaka-, mu nzira n’imiyoboro y’ibibanza.
• Ubwiza bw’umudozi w’ivyuma bugenzurwa na NDT (UT/EC) yo kuri interineti; Ivyerekeye PSL2 bishobora gusaba PWHT yo mu karere mu gusudira na HAZ.

SSAWH / SWAH X70

• Ihinguwe n’uruzitiro rwakozwe mu mfuruka y’uruzitiro rufise ivyuma vy’imbere n’inyuma vy’uruzitiro rw’amazi.
• Itanga ikoreshwa ryiza ry’ibikoresho mu bipimo binini aho imirongo y’imirongo yemerwa n’itegeko ry’umugambi n’ibisobanuro vy’umugambi.
• Mu bisanzwe bishikirizwa n’uburebure bwose- UT y’uruzitiro rw’uruzitiro, hamwe n’i RT aho umugambi usaba ukwizera kw’inyongera.

Inzira zose ziratunganijwe kugira ngoweld na HAZ imiterere ntibigoyagoya kurusha ibikoresho vy'umuvyeyi wa X70, ingingo nyamukuru iyo ikigero gikoreshwa ku rugero rw’imibabaro myinshi.

3 UOE na JCOE guhingura umuyoboro wa X70 LSAW

Uburyo bwo guhingura amasahani burafise ingaruka zitaziguye ku kugenzura uburemere bw’umubiri, ku gukwirakwiza imibabaro isigaye no ku gushikama kw’ingero muri rusangi. Ku X70 LSAW, vyoseUOEkandiJCOEimirongo irakoreshwa cane, kandi rimwe na rimwe amashirahamwe y’imigambi arabaza ingene agereranya akoresheje ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga.

Imbonerahamwe ya 2 – Igereranyo ry’imiterere ya UOE n’iya JCOE ku muyoboro w’umurongo wa X70 LSAW:

Guhitamwo hagati ya UOE na JCOE akenshi bivana cane n’imiterere y’insyo n’imigambi y’imigambi kuruta gutandukanya ibikorwa vy’ishimikiro. Igihe uburyo bwo guhingura, gusudira no kwagura bushitse ku bisabwa na X70, izo nzira zompi zirashobora gutanga umubiri w’imiyoboro y’ubukomezi bwinshi, n’ubushobozi buke bw’imiyoboro ikenewe kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukora neza.

X70 iriruka hafi y’iherezo ryo hejuru ry’imibabaro isanzwe y’imiyoboro, reroimiterere y'imitibitegerezwa gutanga inkomezi n’ubukomezi ata gufunga ubushobozi bwo gusudira. Ivyiyumviro vy’ivyo bita carbone (CE) n’ivyo bita microalloying rero bisobanurwa mu mirongo mikeyi.

Imbonerahamwe ya 3 – Ivyerekana ibice vy’ibintu vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma API 5L X70 (PSL2, ivyerekeye):

Ibisabwa vya PSL2 ku muyoboro wa X70 birimwo:

• Imipaka yo hejuru ya CEIIW na/canke PCM kugira ngo ibisabwa vyo gushusha no guca mu nzira bibe mu rugero rushoboka
• Imipaka ku Nb+V+Ti yose hamwe no ku birimwo microalloy ku muntu ku giti ciwe
• Ubugenzuzi bw'amahitamwo kuri Cu, Ni, Cr na Mo kugira ngo bihure n'uburyo bwo gusudira
• Ibindi bipimo vy'ubukomezi n'ubukomezi ku bice vy'uruhome biremerera- canke inzira z'ubushuhe buke-

Mwene ukwo kugenzura kuba ikintu gihambaye canecane iyo .inkomezi nyinshi-X70ni ifatanijwe n’ibihe bikanye, ibintu vy’imiterere vy’agaciro canke ugushiramwo ibintu vyo mu mazi.

Welded X70 ishobora gutangwa hejuru y’ibahasha ry’ingero zagutse. Ubushobozi bw’insyo bushinga imipaka, ariko amahitamwo y’imigambi asanzwe aja mu mirongo iri musi.

Imbonerahamwe ya 4 – Ingano zisanzwe z’umuyoboro w’umurongo wa X70 (ikimenyetso):

Abahinguzi baku butaka -imirongo ya gazi y'umuvuduko muninikenshi bafatanya ibipimo binini n’uburebure bw’uruhome buringaniye kugira ngo ubushobozi n’umwimbu wo gusudira bibe bihuye. X70 ikoreshwa kuriimirongo yo gushora ibintu hanze canke gushika ku butakaakenshi igira inkuta zikomeye cane kugira ngo ihangane n’imikazo yo hanze, imizigo yo gupfukama no gushiramwo, hamwe n’imipaka ikomeye cane ku bijanye n’uburebure bw’uruzitiro be n’ukudatungana kw’ibarabara ry’aho hantu.

Uburyo bwo gupfuka-nk'FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP n'uburemere bwa beton-ni vyo rero bigaragazwa kugira ngo bishireho ingorane zo gusenyuka, ku -ugushikama kw'inyuma n'ubushobozi bw'ubushuhe ku nzira.

X70 ikora ku mubabaro mwinshi kuruta amashure yo hasi, rero gusuzuma no kugerageza birarushiriza kuba vyiza. Igishushanyo c’umuyoboro wa X70 gishobora gusobanurwamwo mu ncamake gutya:

Imbonerahamwe ya 5 – Akarorero k’isuzuma n’igerageza ry’ivyuma vy’ivyuma API 5L X70:

Amashirahamwe y’ubwubatsi akenshi yitwararika cane .Ubushobozi bwo gusudira (WPS/PQR)iyo ukora na X70. Ivyiyumviro rusangi vyibandako ni:

• Ubushuhe bwinjira n'imipaka y'ubushuhe
• Ivyuma vy'ugusudira bihuye n'inkomezi canke bihuye gatoyi n'ivyuma vy'ishimikiro vya X70
• Ubukomezi n'ubukomezi bwa HAZ bugenzura, cane cane ku gusudira kw'imashini
• Kugenzura ukutumvikana, gukomeza amabuye y'agaciro n'imibabaro isigaye ku mabuye y'umugozi

Uburyo bwiza-bubereye n’abakozi bamenyerejwe bituma ama joints ya X70 ashirwa ku rugero rwo gukora mu gihe aguma ahuye n’ibisabwa bikomeye vy’uburyo.

Abafise imiyoboro kenshi baratoranyaAPI 5L X70 umuyoboro w'umurongoigihe urugero rumwe rutegerezwa gufatanya umukazo munini w’uguhingura, inzira ndende n’uburemere bw’uruhome bushobora gutunganirizwa. Ivyo bishobora gushika ni nk’imirongo mishasha y’amazi biciye mu turere twa kure, imirongo yo gutwara gazi hanze n’iyo gushika ku butaka iboshe ku mirima yo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga, n’imirongo y’amazi canke ibice vy’ugusubirira ku mirongo y’amazi iriho aho ubushobozi n’inkomezi vyose bikwiye kwongerekana ata buremere bw’imiyoboro burengeje urugero.

Octal Pipe ishigikira iyo migambi ikoresheje X70 gushika kuri API 5L PSL1 na PSL2 mu buryo bwa ERW/HFW, LSAW na SSAW, ihuye n’umurongo, uburebure bw’uruhome, uburyo bwo gupfuka n’uburebure bw’igenzura ku bijanye n’ivyo umugambi uvuga. Ugushingira intahe kw’uwundi muntu ugira gatatu na BV, DNV, SGS canke izindi nzego zatowe bishobora gutunganirizwa kugira ngo amakuru y’ibikoresho X70 afise inkomezi nyinshi-ashiremwo neza mu mugambi rusangi w’imiyoboro n’inzego za QA/QC.

IBIBAZO bibazwa

 

 

01.Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati ya API 5L X70 PSL1 na PSL2 ku muyoboro w'umurongo w'amabuye?

A1:PSL2 irakomeye cane ku bijanye no kugenzura ubuhinga bwa shimi no kugerageza/kwemera, kandi irasanzwe igaragazwa ku migambi y’imiyoboro ihambaye.

02.Nohitamwo gute ERW vs LSAW vs SSAW ku muyoboro w'umurongo wa API 5L X70?

A2:Hitamwo ushingiye ku bisabwa OD/uruhome, umugambi, n’ibisabwa weld/NDT-LSAW/SSAW ni ibisanzwe ku bipimo binini, ERW ku bipimo bito gushika hagati.

03.Ni igiki nosaba kugira ngo nsuzume uburyo bw’imiyoboro y’umurongo wa API 5L X70 mbere yo kugura?

A3:Saba MTC/ugukurikirana, urugero rwa PSL rukenewe, agaciro kangana n'umuyagankuba, ibisubizo vya NDT, igerageza ry'amazi, n'umugambi wose-igerageza ry'ingaruka/ivunika