Gucukura

Mu bikorwa vyo gucukura amabuye y’agaciro mu kiyaga,gucukuraikora nk’uruzitiro rw’ingenzi rw’imiyoboro rufatanya n’umutwe w'iriba ryo munsi y'ikiyaga n'ikintu co gukingira amazi (BOP)kuurubuga rwo gucukura hejuru.
Aho gukora nk'igipfukisho c'imibumbe ihoraho-nk'umuyoboro w'amazi-ivyo biduga bikora nk'igipfukishoigihe gito, hejuru-umuyoboro w'ubutunganeikoreshwa gusa mu gihe c’ugucukura.

Intumbero yayo nyamukuru ni ugushinga .inzira igenzurwaku bijanye n’ugutembera kw’amazi yo gucukura, ibice, n’imikazo y’ugucungera iriba- hagati y’ivu ry’ikiyaga n’ivu ry’ibarabara.
Ukwo guzunguruka kw’uruzitiro rwugarijwe-gushobora gutuma habaho uburinganire bw’umuvuduko, ugusubirana kw’amazi, n’ugukurikirana iriba ubudasiba mu gihe cose c’ugucukura.

Muamazi maremare n'amazi maremare caneibikorwa, aho gushika ataco bimaze ku mitwe y’amariba yo munsi y’ikiyaga bidashoboka, iyo riser iba igice gihambaye c’uburyo bwo kugenzura amariba.
Itegerezwa kwihanganira inguvu zikomeye zo mu kiyaga, harimwo n’ugutera imbere guhagaze, ugutera imbere kw’amazi, n’imitwaro y’amazi-kenshi ku burebure burenzemetero 2.000.

Amakoraniro y'ubuhinga bwa none ashiramwoamahuriro y'umutsindo, ibice vy'uguterera, n'ibintu vyo gukingiraivyo vyose hamwe bituma habaho ugushikama kw’ivyuma, uguhagarika umukazo, n’umutekano w’ibikorwa mu bihe biguma bihinduka vyo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga.

A gucukuraikora nk’ihuriro ry’intango ry’ubuhinga n’amazi hagati y’ivyuma vyo hejuru n’urutonde rw’amariba yo munsi y’ikiyaga, bikaba bituma habaho ubugenzuzi n’uguhanahana amakuru bihoraho mu gihe c’ugucukura mu mazi.
Itunganywa ryayo rishiramwo ibikorwa vyinshi vyihariye bikorana kugira ngo bikomeze gushikama n'umutekano mu bihe vy'ikiyaga gifunguye-.

• Inzira yo gusubirayo y'amazi:Ico gikoresho gishiraho uruzitiro rwuzuye kugira ngo ivumbi risubireyo, bikaba bishoboza gutwara neza ibice bicitse no kubungabunga umuvuduko wo hasi-wo mu mwobo.
• Amategeko agenga umukazo w'iriba:Imirongo y’ugupfuka no kwica yunze ubumwe iremesha ibikorwa vy’umukazo bicungiwe, itanga ibahasha ry’umutekano rya kabiri kugira ngo iriba ribe ryiza.
• Icumbi ry'Inyigisho:Biciye ku guhuza amajoint flex, impeta z’uburemere, n’ibintu bitera hejuru, iyo riser iguma iri ku rugero rumwe naho rig heave n’uguhungabana mu ruhande.
• Umugongo w'imiterere:Ishigikira imirongo y’ubugenzuzi y’inyongera kandi itanga inzira ikomeye ariko ishobora guhinduka ku mirongo y’ubuhinga n’amazi ihuza igikoresho n’ikirundo ca BOP.
• Gusubira gukoreshwa mu bikorwa:Ubwubatsi bw’ibice butuma buri nzira y’ugukura ishobora gutandukanywa, gusuzumwa, no gusubira -kwemezwa, bikaba vyemeza ko igiciro c’igihe kirekire-gikoreshwa neza mu bikorwa vyinshi vyo kwimba.

Imwe muri izo nzira z’uguhingura yerekana uruhara rw’umuduga nk’umuuburyo bw'imibumbe bukora, ntivyakozwe kugira ngo gusa bibe bifise umukazo, ahubwo bikaba vyakozwe kugira ngo bigumye bikora neza mu gucukura amazi maremare.

KuriUmuyoboro w'umunani, amabuye y’agaciro arahingurwa kandi akageragezwa kugira ngo akore munsi y’ibihe bikomeye cane vyo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga.

Guhitamwo ibikoresho

Ivyuma vy'inkomezi zikomeye-bifise ubukomezi buke-vyuma vyiza caneurushe n'ubushobozi bwo kuvunika.

Ivyihariyeibipfukisho n'uburinzi bwa katodikeuburyo bwo kurwanya ubumara bw’amazi y’ikiyaga.

Imiterere y'imiterere

Bishobora guhindurwaingingo z'uguhaguruka, ingingo zikomeye, kandiingingo zigoyagoyaku bwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho.

Ukwinjizaibice vy'ugutererakugira ngo ugabanye uburemere bwa sisitemu no kwongera ugushikama guhagaze.

Amateraniro yo gukingira imbere yakozwe kugira ngo ashobore gusohoka-gukora neza mu gihe c'umuvuduko munini.

Ukwizera uburyo

Igerageza ritagira -Isenya (NDT):Ultrasonic, ibihimba vy’umuyagankuba, n’ugusuzuma kw’ivyuma vy’amabuye y’agaciro.

Igerageza ry'amazi:Igenzura ry’umuvuduko w’amazi maremare ryigereranywa.

Urushe n'Igerageza ry'Ugusenyuka:Ikorwa mu bidukikije vyo mu kiyaga.

Ivyemezo hakurikijweAPIkandiDNV{0}}GLingingo mfatirwako z’ibikorwa vyo mu mazi.

🔹 Iciyumviro:
Amatiyo y’amazi atanga umushinge w’inyubako mu mazi atagira ubwagu; ivyuma vy’ugucukura bitera ubugenzuzi bw’ibikorwa mu mazi maremare. Ivyo vyose hamwe, bikora urutonde rw’ikiraro c’inyongeraubutungane bwo mu mazikandiibikorwa vyo ku ruhande.

Ivyuma vy’ugucukura ni ngirakamaro mu bikorwa vyo mu mazi maremare no mu mazi maremare cane aho ugutembera kw’amazi n’ugucungera umuvuduko ari ngirakamaro cane.

Deepwater Exploration (> 2,000 m):Bishoboza gushika ata nkomanzi ku bibanza vyo munsi y’ikiyaga biri mu binogo vy’imipaka nk’ivyoIkiyaga ca Megizike, ku nkengera y'ikiyaga Brezile, kandiAfirika y'uburengero.

Ibidukikije vyo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga:Ikoreshwa ku bikoresho bireremba, ibikoresho bishobora kwinjira mu mazi, n’ibikoresho vy’ugucukura bifise ubuhinga bwo kuduga bufise inyigisho-.

HPHT (Igitutu gikomeye-Igitutu gikomeye-Ubushuhe) Amariba:Itanga uburinzi butekanye bw’imikazo ikaze cane yo mu mwobo n’ubushuhe bugenda burahinduka.

Ugushiramwo n'imirongo ya BOP:Ishigikira ibikorwa vy'umurongo wo gufunga no kwica, bituma umuntu ashobora gufunga -mu gihe c'ivyihutirwa.

Gukora no gufasha:Re-uburyo bwo gutera imbere bushobora gukoreshwa mu gucungera no kurangiza ibikorwa mu mariba menshi.

Akarorero k'ubuhinga:
Mu bibanza vy’amazi maremare cane vyo muri Brezile, ibikoresho biduga bifatanya ibikoresho bishobora kwinjira mu mazi n’imitwe y’amariba ku burebure burenze2,500 m. Mbere no munsi y’uburebure bw’imipfunda bwa metero 10, ibikoresho vy’ugutera imbere biraguma bishikamye kandi bikagenzura-bigaragaza uruhara rwavyo ruhambaye mu buhinga bwo mu mazi bwo muri iki gihe.

Isekeza ryose ryo gucukura amazi maremare rivana n’ubunyankamugayo bw’umucukuzi kugira ngo akomeze gucungera iriba ata nkomanzi kandi ata guhinduka.
KuriUmuyoboro w'umunani, ubuhinga bwose bwo gutera imbere bwakozwe kugira ngo bukore mu gihe c’imitwaro y’ingendo, mu gihe c’inguvu z’amazi, no mu gihe amazi y’ikiyaga ashobora gutera ubumara, kandi bukaba bwizigirwa ata co buhinduye.

• Ugukomera kw'abahinga:Isesengura ry’urushe rishingiye ku bintu bifise impera rituma umuntu ashobora kwihanganira ugusubiramwo ivy’umuzigo.
• Ivy'amazi-Ivyagaragajwe:Uburinzi bw'ibice vyinshi -bukingira -ugusenyuka buragabanya ukubora mu gihe umuntu amara igihe kirekire ari mu mazi.
• Uguhuza kwa sisitemu yunze ubumwe:Igizwe n’ibintu bitagira umurongo n’ibirundo vya BOP, ibikoresho bitera umuyagankuba, n’ibikoresho bitera umuyagankuba vyo mu kiyaga.
• Ivyemezo vy'ingendo yuzuye-:Kuva ku vyemezo vy’ibikoresho gushika ku bipimo vy’ukwemererwa kw’uruganda be n’ibigeragezo vy’ikiyaga vyigereranywa, igikoresho cose kiduga kiraca mu bipimo bikomeye vy’ubushobozi.

Izo ngingo zituma .Octal amatiyo y'imyimenyerezoamahitamwo yizigirwa ku bakozi bo mu mazi baronderakwizigirwa gukomeye, umutekano wo gukoresha, n'ibikorwa bishobora gutegekanirwamu binogo vy’amazi asaba cane.

Injeniyeri yemejwe kuamazi maremare na HPHTibisabwa.

KubahirizaAPI / DNV{0}}GL/ISOingingo mfatirwako zo ku nkengera y’ikiyaga.

Uburinzi bw’ibintu buteye imbere be n’NDT-yemejwe kugenzura uburyo.

Uburyo bwo gutera hejuru bugenewe isi yoseEPC n'abakozi bo kwimba.

Ivyandiko vy'ubuhinga, gusubira kwemeza, n'ugushigikira umugambi birimwo.

Ku bw'ukwizigirwa, mu murima-uburyo bwo gutera imbere bugaragaye burinda ibikorwa vyo kwimba mu kiyaga-Octal Pipe itanga ukwizigira mu ngingo yose.

Baza ubu

IBIBAZO bibazwa

 

 

01.Ni igiki gikwiye gusobanurwa muri PO y'umuyoboro w'imyimenyerezo ya API 5DP?

KwerekanaOD, igipimo (E75 / X95 / G105 / S135), uburebure (R1 / R2 / R3), ubwoko bubabaye (IU / UU / UE), guhuza (NC / NIBA / REG / FH), n’ibindi vyose bisabwa .gufatanya, gupfuka imbere, EMI / UT / MPI, canke amakuru yo gupima urudodo.

02.Igitigiri c’imiyoboro y’imyimenyerezo gikwiye gutorwa gute?

Huza amanota n'ivyo witezeumuvuduko, umuvuduko, na porogarama y'uburebure bwo kwimba. Urutonde rwa pajiE75, X95, G105, na S135, kandi akavuga ko .S135ni ubushuhe-buvuwe nibura135.000 psigutanga inkomezi.

03.Kubera iki ubwoko bw’ihuriro n’ubwoko bw’ugushavura bihambaye cane?

Kuko ingorane nyinshi zo ku ruhande rwa rig-zitangura kuguhuza, si umubiri w’imiyoboro. Urupapuro rugaragazaNC / NIBA / REG / FHamahuza naIU / UU / UEubwoko bw'ibibabaje, kubona ko bibabaza vyongera uburebure bw'umusaraba-kuigikoresho co gusudira inkomezikandi ko uguhitamwo nabi kw’ihuriro bishobora gutuma .gutera ububabare, kwonona urutugu, canke gukora -ugucerezwa.

04.Abaguzi bokwongerako iki ku mariba asharira canke atera uburozi?

Vuga iCO2 / H2S impengamiromu RFQ rero amahitamwo yo gukingira n’urugero rw’isuzuma bishobora guhuzwa. Ku bijanye n’ayo mariba, iyo paji yerekana kandi amahitamwo nk’ayagupfuka imbere, umugozi ukomeye, kandi vyasobanuweEMI / UT / MPIscope iyo bigaragajwe.

05.Ni ibihe bitabo vy’igenzura bihambaye cane ku kwemera urugo rwinjira?

Abaguzi bakwiye kwibanda kugupima urudodo, Inyandiko z'ingero n'ubugororotsi, ibisubizo vy'igerageza, n'ivyo vyose vyategetsweUburebure bwa NDT, wongerekourufatiro -urwego rw'indangamuntunaUrutonde rwo gupakirakugira ngo ushobore guharura vyihuse no kwakira ikimenyetso-kuzima.

Ivyemezo

 

Icemezo ca CE

Icemezo ca ISO 9001

Icemezo ca API Q1

Icemezo ca ABS

Icemezo ca AP-5L

Icemezo ca API-5CT

 

Imisoro ishushe: gucukura riser, Ubushinwa gucukura riser abahinguzi, abaguzi, uruganda