Umuyoboro w'amazi

Umuyoboro w'amazini umuyoboro w'icuma udafise umurongo wakozwe canecane ku bushuhe bwinshi-n'igikorwa c'umuvuduko mwinshi.Umuyoboro w'ivyuma uzwi kandi kw'izina rya Chrome{3}}Umuyoboro wa Moly (Umuyoboro w'icuma wa Molybdenum) ni ikintu gisanzweCr–Mo hasi-icuma gikozwe mu cuman'ubushuhe bwinshi-/umuvuduko mwinshi-, aho inkomezi zo gukwegakwega n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'imitsi bigenzura ukwizigirwa kw'ubuzima. Mu bikorwa, ugugura "imiyoboro y'amazi" ni urugero -rukoreshwa (nk'akarorero, P11/P22/P91), kubera ko ubuhinga bwo gukora + ubushuhe bugena igihe kirekire-ubushobozi mu gihe c'umwotsi n'amazi ashushe.

Mu kwongerako chromium (Cr) na molybdenum (Mo) ku cuma, izo tiyo zitanga ubukomezi budasanzwe bw’ubushuhe bwinshi-, zidashobora gukwegakwega, zidashobora gusenyuka, kandi zidashobora gusenyuka. Bikoreshwa cane mu bikoresho bihambaye bikoresha umwotsi, amazi ashushe be n’ibintu bishobora gutera uburozi, nk’ibikoresho vyo gukoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho vyo gushushanya amavuta, ibikoresho bihindura ubushuhe be n’imiyoboro y’amazi.
Kubera imyaka myinshi y’ubumenyi mu gutanga imigambi kw’isi yose, Octal Pipe ikora kandi itanga amatiyo y’amazi y’amazi yubahiriza ingingo ngenderwako za ASTM, ASME, DIN, EN. Amashure apfutse P1–P92 na P122, akamenya inyishu z’ibintu vyose kuva ku bikoresho bisanzwe gushika ku bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none vy’agaciro kanini cane.

• ASME A335 / ASME SA335: Amatiyo y'icuma atagira umurongo y'ubushuhe bwinshi -
• ASME A213 / ASME SA213: Amatiyo y'icuma atagira umurongo y'ibikoresho vy'amazi n'ibikoresho vy'ubushuhe bwinshi
• 10216-2020.: Ivyuma bitagira umurongo ku ntumbero z'umukazo

Amanota rusangi n'ibisabwa:

• P1, P2– Ivyuma bike-ivy'ubushuhe buringaniye
• P11, P12, P22– Ikoreshwa cane mu bushobozi n’imirongo y’umwotsi y’ubushuhe bwinshi-
• P5, P9, P21– Uguhangana n’ugusenyuka kw’ibidukikije bisaba imiti
• P91, P92, P122– Ivyiyumviro vy’ubuhinga buhanitse -vy’amaboteri akomeye cane afise ubuzima buramba n’inkomezi zirengeye

Ibisobanuro vy'imiyoboro y'amazi (Ingano, Urutonde, Iherezo n'Ibigeragezo)

Mu nyandiko z'umugambi,"icuma c'umuyoboro w'amazi"kenshi yerekeza kuriASTM A213amanota y'imirongo, mu gihe"umuyoboro w'amazi"ibisobanuro bisanzweASTM A335amanota y’imiyoboro. A213 ipfuka ivyuma bitagira umurongo vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma, na A335 ipfuka ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’imiryango y’ibikoresho bijanye n’ubushuhe bwinshi, ariko bigaragazwa mu buryo butandukanye mu bipimo vy’ibikoresho no mu bimenyetso vy’ibikoresho.

Kugira ngo wirinde gutera urujijo mu bijanye n’ugugura no gusohora ibikoresho, nukoreshe aya mategeko ngirakamaro:

Itegeko 1 - Guhuza izina ry'ikigero n'ubwoko bw'ikintu:kwandikaT-amanotaku bikoresho vy'imiyoboro A213 naP-amanotaku bikoresho vy’amatiyo ya A335. Ivyo bibuza "ibikoresho bigororotse, icemeza kitari co" kwanka mu gihe c'isuzuma rya EPC.

Itegeko 2 - Koresha umusaraba-ibisobanuro gusa nk'ubuyobozi, ntusubire:imigambi ikunda kubonaP11 ↔ T11kandiP22 ↔ T22nk’umuryango umwe w’ibikorwa (pipe vs tube designation), ariko PO itegerezwa guhamagara urupapuro rw’ikigereranyo n’urw’igicuruzwa rwiza.

Itegeko 3 - Ntuvange umuyoboro udafise umurongo n'ibisabwa:A213 tube ibintu akenshi biboshe ku mategeko y’uguhingura heater/boiler coil n’ibisabwa vy’ubutaka/ID bikomeye, mu gihe A335 ibintu vy’amatiyo bikunda kwibanda ku rubibi rw’umuvuduko no kwubahiriza amategeko y’amatiyo.

Itegeko 4 - Guhitamwo ikiciro ni nk'igihe kirekire-igihe kirekire-ubushuhe bukomeye:hejuru-amanota y'ugukwegakwega nk'P91/P92akenshi bigaragazwa iyo umubumbe usaba inkomezi nziza z'igihe kirekire-ku bushuhe bwinshi, atari gusa "umwimbu munini." Wemeze urugero nyarwo n’uburyo bwo gukoresha ubushuhe bisabwa na kode/spec.

Itegeko 5 - Vuga isuzuma/ubushuhe bwo gusukura, si igitigiri gusa:ku bikoresho vy’imiyoboro y’amazi, abaguzi kenshi barakeneye gusobanukirwa kuUbushuhe bwo kuvurakandiUburebure bwa NDT(ku mugambi ITP) kuko ivyo bigira ingaruka ku kwemera mu bikorwa vy'ubushuhe bwinshi-.

Itegeko 6 - Niba urutonde rw'ibikoresho ruvuga "tube," ntusubirize "pipe" (n'ibihushanye n'ivyo):naho ibipimo bisa n’ivyo, inzira y’itegeko/icemezo iratandukanye kandi irashobora gutuma habaho ukudahuza mu kwakira.

Impanuro yo gutanga amasoko:Igihe wohereje RFQs, shiramwo amajambo y'umurongo nk'uko nyene agaragara ku rutonde rw'ibikoresho (nk'akarorero, "ASTM A213 T22 boiler tube" canke "ASTM A335 P22 boiler pipe"), hanyuma wongereko OD×WT, uburebure, n'inyandiko zikenewe zo gusubira gukoresha -ubu ni bwo buryo bwihuta kuruta ubundi bwo gukingira ibikoresho.

• Ubushuhe budasanzwe-Inguvu z'ubushuheKubera inkomezi z’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vyitwa Cr-Mo, amatiyo y’amaboteri arashobora kuguma afise inkomezi n’ubukomezi ku 600 degrees no hejuru, akananira gusenyuka kw’ubushuhe. Ivyo bituma bikora igihe kirekire-, bitekanye, kandi bishikamye mu gihe c'umuyagankuba w'umuvuduko munini n'amazi ashushe.
• Uguhangana n'ibikoko n'ubuzima burambaGuhinduka kw’ipulasitike (ugukwegakwega) mu gihe c’ubushuhe bwinshi-n’umuvuduko mwinshi -ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kunanirwa. Amatiyo ya Chrome-Moly, afise ibiharuro vyiza vya Cr-Mo n’ubushuhe, yerekana ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo guhangana n’ugukwegakwega, bikaba bishoboza amasaha ibihumbi mirongo y’ibikorwa bikomeza ata guhagarara kw’ingero. Ivyo bigabanya uguhagarika ibikorwa bitategekanijwe be n’amahera yo kubibungabunga.
• Uguhangana n'ugusenyuka kw'umubiri (Cr)igira igice c’umubiri gikingira cane, kigatuma oxidation igabanywa mu mwuka no mu gazi ishushe; Molibdeni (Mo) ituma umuntu ashobora guhangana n’ibintu birimwo ikibiriti- na klorine-. Ivyo bituma iyo miyoboro ishobora kumara igihe kirekire mu bidukikije bikomeye nk’ibikoresho vy’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho vy’ugushushanya, n’ibikoresho vy’imiti.
• Ugusudira neza cane n'uguhingura bihuyen'ugusudira kwikora, gusudira ku-aho hantu, n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kwuzuza, kugira ngo amahuriro akomeye kandi ata n'agasembwa-atagira. Kubera ko izo tiyo zishobora gukoreshwa neza (gupfukama, gukata, gucapura), zirashobora gukoreshwa cane n’imiterere y’ibintu bikomeye be n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga.
• Ivyigwa vyinshi n'Ivyiyumviro Mpuzamakungu Kuva kuri P1/P2.inyishu z’ubutunzi ku P91/P92 iteye imbere y’ubuzima buramba-amahitamwo, amanota ashobora gutorwa ashingiye ku bushuhe, umukazo, n’ubwoko buringaniye, guhuza ubushobozi n’igiciro. Ivyo bikoresho vyemewe bimwe bishitse na ASTM, ASME, EN, DIN, vyemerwa bitagoranye mu migambi yo kw’isi yose.
• Igiciro c'ubuzima cizaNaho ishoramari ry’intango riri hejuru y’icuma ca carbone, Chrome-Moly Boiler Pipes itanga ubuzima buramba, inzinguzingu nke zo gusanasana, n’ugutuma ibikoresho bikora neza, bikaba bituma igiciro cose c’ubutunzi (TCO) kigabanuka cane. Birabereye cane cane mu bikorwa vyo gutanga amashanyarazi, gutunganya, no mu bikorwa vy’inguvu aho igihe co gukora n’ukwizigirwa ari ngirakamaro cane.

Ivyo bikoresho vyiza cane vy’imiyoboro ya Chrome-Moly Boiler biva ku mibumbe y’ivyuma.

• Koromu (Cr)itanga ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ugusenyuka
• Molibideni (Mo)itera imbere ubushuhe bwinshi -ubukomezi n'ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ugukwegakwega
• Karboni (C), manganezi (Mn), na silikoni (Si)biragenzurwa cane
• Ibintu bikurikirana(V, Nb, N, n’ibindi) mu bice vy’imbere (P91, P92) vyongereza ubukomezi n’ubukomezi bw’igihe kirekire-

Ivyerekeye ivyiyumviro vy’imiti birimwo biraboneka mu ndome iri musi.

Ibikorwa vy'ubuhinga ni ngirakamaro cane mu bidukikije vy'ubushuhe bwinshi-n'umuvuduko mwinshi-.

• Inkomezi zo gukwegagutuma imiyoboro idashobora kumenagurika iyo ihanganye n'ubushuhe bwinshi
• Inkomezi z'umwimbuitanga umutekano uhagije mu gihe c'umukazo uhoraho
• Gukora cane-amabara nka P91/P92 atanga inkomezi n’ukwihangana vyinshi cane kuruta P11/P22 isanzwe, bikaba vyaraguye igihe co gusuzuma no gutuma ubuhinga buboneka neza .

Raba imbonerahamwe iri musi kugira ngo ubone amakuru arambuye yerekeye ivy’ubuhinga.

Insulation y'imiyoboro y'amazi y'amazi ishirwahoubushuhe-ubukene n'uburinzi bw'abakozi, ariko kandi birashobora gutuma haba ingorane ikomeye yo kwizigirwa iyo ubukonje bwemewe kwinjira maze bukaguma bufunzwe. Mu bitegwa vyinshi,imiyoboro y'amaziyerekeza kurigutera inkoni/gutera inyuma umuyoboro n'ivyo kwikingira hamwe n'ivyuma vyo gupfuka (ugupfuka)kugira ngo ukingire uburyo bwo gukingira umuriro mu gihe c’ugukora no mu gihe c’ugusanasana. Amasoko "gukora-canke-guca" ido n'ido si uburebure bw'ivyuma gusa -nikugenzura kwinjira kw'amazi + gukura amazi/gusohora umwuka, kubera ko ubukonje bufunzwe bushobora gutwara .gusenyuka munsi y'ivyuma bikingiriza (CUI)ku ruhande rw’inyuma rw’imiyoboro, akenshi ntibimenyekane gushika aho umuriro uzimye.

Kugira ngo iki gice gishobore gukorwa, ng’izi ingingo nyamukuru zisanzwe zivugwa ku migambi nyayo:

• Sigura intumbero y'ukwikingira n'ubushuhe:uburebure n'ibikoresho bitorwa bivanye n'ubushuhe bwo gukoresha n'ubushuhe-ugutakaza, ariko kandi bivanye n'uko umurongo ubonagukina ikinga(gutangura/guhagarika) ipompa ubukonje biciye mu ngingo.
• Sobanura uburyo bwo gupfuka, atari "ukwikingira" gusa:ibikoresho (aluminium/ibitagira ibara/ivy’ivyuma), uburebure, n’ingene imirongo/ibipfukisho bikora; ibipfukisho bibi bica bihinduka aho amazi yinjira.
• Ibisobanuro vy'ukugenzura amazi yinjira (vyinshi vyabuze):bisaba imirongo y’uburebure ipfutse, iherezo ry’uburebure ryugarijwe aho bibereye, n’amategeko asobanutse akikuje aho umuntu yinjira (ibifadika, ibikoresho bifatanya, ibifatanya).
• Filozofiya y'ugukura amazi/gusohora umwuka:sobanura aho amazi ashobora guhunga-imigende y'amazi yo hasi-, imyobo y'amarira, canke ibihengeri vy'impwemu-kubera ko uburyo "bukingiwe neza" mu buzima nyakuri akenshi buhindukaumutego w'amaziinyuma y’aho vyononekaye.
• Ivyicaro bihambaye vyo guhamagara mu buryo butomoye:n'ibifadika vy'imiyoboro n'ibifata, ibitugu/ibipfukisho, ibibanza vyo hasi, n'ibibanza vy'iherezo-ivyo ni ibibanza vy'i CUI bikunda gushika kuko bifata ubukonje kandi bikagira umubabaro mwinshi.
• Ubumenyi bw'ubushuhe bw'akaga ka CUI:imirongo ikora mu bice vy’akaga vya CUI (kenshi bishushe bihagije kugira ngo bigume bitose ariko ntibishushe bihagije kugira ngo vyume ningoga) mu bisanzwe bikeneye indero ikomeye cane yo kwambara n’uburyo bwo gusuzuma butegekanijwe.
• Igenzura-ubugenzi bw'inkoni:bisabaibice bishobora gukurwahocanke amadirisho yo gusuzuma ku bibanza vy'akaga kanini-kugira ngo nyen'ivyo bikoresho ashobore kugenzura ivy'inyuma ata strip-yuzuye igihe cose umuriro uhagaze.
• Gutegura ahantu no gupfuka munsi y'ivyo kwikingira:iyo umugambi ukoresha igipfukisho kiri munsi y’ivyuma bikingiriza, numenyeshe ubwoko bw’igipfukisho n’ishimikiro ryo gutegura ahantu; insulation ntizisubirira uburinzi bw’ugusenyuka.
• Ingingo y'ukuri y'ukubungabunga:n'ingingo zo kwemera gusanura ivyononekaye, kuko ibinogo/amarira yo mu mirima birasanzwe kandi bica bihinduka igihe kirekire-ibitera gusohoka kw'amazi iyo bitasanuwe ningoga.

• Boiler/HRSG ubushuhe bwinshi-imitwe n'ibihuza:

Mu birwa vya HRSG n’ivy’amaboteri, imitwe n’amahuzu y’ibikoresho bikorana n’ubushuhe bwinshi buhoraho, hamwe n’uguhungabana hamwe n’uguhinduka kw’ubushuhe. Ibikorwa vyo mu ndimiro akenshi birimwo amadirisho apfutse aho .fit-up ukuri n'indero y'uburyo bwo gusudiragufata ingingo nimba urutonde ruzoba ruriho. OD/WT idahinduka n’ubushuhe-bubereye ni vyo bifasha cane mu kugenzura amasoko.

• Igishushanya cane / igishushanyo gisubira gushushanya amatiyo hafi y'ifuru (ugushirwa ahabona kw'umuco):

Amatiyo ari hafi y’ifuru arashikirwa n’ubushuhe bw’ivyuma burengeye, ubushuhe bw’ivyuma, n’ubushuhe butaringaniye. Ivy’ukuri biri ku kazi ni uko insulation n’ijacketing zikurwaho kenshi zigasubirwamwo mu gihe co gusanasana, rero kugenzura .oxidation y'inyuma n'ingorane za CUIni igice c’ingendo y’ubuzima, si uguhitamwo gusa kw’intango kw’ibintu vy’umubiri.

• Igikoresho co gusukura amatiyo gisohoka n'amavuta ashushe:

Izo nzira zikora ku bushuhe bwinshi mu kiringo kirekire, n’ubushuhe bugenda burahinduka mu gihe c’uguhindura n’uguhungabana kw’ibikorwa. Ibibazo bikunze kubaho ku kazi birimwo umubabaro w’ivyuma biva ku gukura kw’ubushuhe be n’ukwonona kw’ivyuma bifatanya n’ibindi bituma habaho ugusenyuka kw’inyuma. Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro y’amazi y’ivyuma bikoreshwa kugira ngo bigumye bikomeye mu bushuhe no kugabanya ivyo gusanura bitategekanijwe.

• Ivyuka vyinshi -imirongo y'amazi n'uburyo bw'umuvuduko buhuye (ibibanza vy'amazi / umuvuduko w'amazi -ins):

Mu bice vy'umuvuduko munini-, amatiyo akikuje ibikoresho, amakompreseri, n'ibibanza vy'amavalve abona imizigo y'ubuhinga iva ku bifadika, ukunyiganyiga, n'ugushika ku vyo gusanasana kenshi. Amasoko akenshi ashimika kuibimenyamenya vy'ikigeragezo vyanditswe, gukurikirana, n’ugucungera ubushobozi bwo gusudira kubera ko inyandiko iyo ari yo yose ibuze ishobora gutevya gukoreshwa.

Baza ubu

IBIBAZO bibazwa

 

 

Ikibazo: Ni ibihe bimenyetso vy’imiyoboro y’amazi?

A:Ibisobanuro vy'imiyoboro y'amazi bikwiye gusobanurwamwoOD × uburebure bw'uruhome × uburebure × urugero × urugero rwo gutwara, hamwe n’ubwoko bw’iherezo (BE/PE/T&C) n’urugero rwo kurekura rukenewe (ugukoresha ubushuhe/NDT/ugupima amazi nimba bishoboka). Ibintu bisanzwe biri kuri uru rupapuroOD 10,3-1422 mm, WT Iri munsi canke ingana na 150 mm, kandi6 m / 12 m / 20ft / 40ft (gushika kuri 18 m).

Ikibazo: Igikoresho c’imiyoboro y’amazi ni iki?

A:Ibikoresho vy'imiyoboro y'amazi ni kenshiChrome -Moly (Cr{1}}Mo) icuma kitagira umurongoku bushuhe bwinshi-/umuvuduko mwinshi-, ahoInkomezi zo gukwegakwega n'ukunanira oxidationgutwara ubuzima bwo kwizigirwa; amanota asanzwe arimwoASTM A335 P1-P92 (na P122)bivanye n’igikorwa.

IKIBAZO: Igitigiri c'ibikoresho vy'amazi / igitigiri c'icuma c'amazi - bitandukanye gute n'igitigiri c'imiyoboro y'amazi?

A:"Igitigiri c'icuma c'amazi y'amazi" akenshi yerekeza kuriASTM A213 T -ibiciro (imiyoboro), mu gihe amatiyo y’amazi akenshi .ASTM A335 P{1}}ibiciro (umuyoboro); bishobora kuba imiryango isa n’iyo (nk’akarorero,P11↔T11, P22↔T22) ariko bitegerezwa guhura n'ubwoko bw'ikintu ca BOM kugira ngo ntihagire ukudahuza kw'icemezo igihe gisohoka.

Ikibazo: Umuyoboro w'amazi uvuza hanze - ni igiki gikunze kuvyura kandi wokwirinda gute?

A:"Gusohoka hanze" ku mirongo ishushe akenshi bifitaniye isano n'gusenyuka munsi y'ivyuma bikingiriza (CUI)bitewe n’ukwinjira kw’amazi n’ubukonje bufunzwe munsi y’ivyuma vy’ivyuma/ivy’ivyuma; kwirinda ni ugusobanura ido n'ido ry'impuzukugenzura amazi + gukura amazi/gusohora umwukano kuguma umuntu ashobora gushika ku gusuzuma ku bifadika/ibibanza vyo hasi aho gufata ukwikingira nk’iciyumviro gitandukanye.

Ivyemezo

 

Icemezo ca CE

Icemezo ca ISO 9001

Icemezo ca API Q1

Icemezo ca ABS

Icemezo ca AP-5L

Icemezo ca API-5CT

 

Imisoro ishushe: umuyoboro w'amazi, Ubushinwa abahinguzi b'amazi y'amazi, abagurisha, uruganda