Serivisi y'umunyu & Ibikorwa bidasanzwe

Insobanuro y'igikorwa c'umunyumu gutanga amatiyo si gusa "H2S iriho." Bisigura ihuriro ry’ .H2S igice c'umuvuduko, ubushuhe, pH, na chloridesishobora gutwara ihydrogène mu cuma maze igateraSSC/HIC, rero inzira y'ibikoresho n'amategeko y'ukwemera ategerezwa gukurikiza ingingo mfatirwako z'ibikorwa aho gukurikiza imigenzo rusangi y'imiyoboro y'umurongo.

Akarorero:Raporo y'amazi yerekana1.000 ppm H2Sbirashobora gusa n'ibiringaniye, ariko kuriIbarabara 100umukazo wose uhindura ngo~0.1 ibara ppH2S, ivyo bikaba bikomeye cane ku buryo abakoresha benshi bashobora gukomeza ibisabwa ku bijanye no kugenzura ubukomezi be n’ubushobozi bwo gusharira. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ubwo, iyo 1.000 ppm nyene ku .10 ibarani gusa~0.01 umugozi ppH2S, akenshi bikaba bituma umuntu afata ingingo itandukanye cane y’ugugura ibintu.
Ni co gituma uguhitamwo kwa serivisi y'umunyu-kunze gukorwa naraporo y'ubuhinga bw'amazin’ingingo ngenderwako y’ubutegetsi (mu bisanzweNACE MR0175 / ISO 15156)-n'igituma Octal Pipe akenshi isaba ibahasha ry'ibikorwa (ppH2S / pH / ubushuhe) imbere yo kwemeza umuzigo w'ibikoresho vy'ibikorwa vy'ibikorwa.

Mu bikorwa vy’amavuta na gazi, ivy’ubuhinga bwa peteroli, ivy’amazi, n’ivy’ubushuhe bwinshi (HPHT), ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bw’umunyu bisaba ibisabwa bikomeye ku bijanye n’urugero rw’icuma, ivy’imiti, ugukoresha ubushuhe, uburyo bwo gusudira, gupfuka, n’ukwihanganira ingero. Iyo ata kugenzura neza, ibidukikije bisharira birashobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku butungane bw’imiyoboro, ku mutekano no ku buzima bw’ibikorwa.

Octal Pipe itanga ibikorwa vy’umunyu n’imiyoboro y’umurongo w’ibikorwa bidasanzwe ihuye n’ingingo ngenderwako n’ivyemezo vy’imbere kw’isi.

Ibikorwa vy'umunyu H2S ppmni ikimenyetso co kwibanda ku kintu, arikontibisigura uburemere bw'umunyu ubwavyo. Ivyiyumviro vyinshi vy'ibikoresho vy'ibikorwa bisharira -biterwa n'H2S igice c'umuvuduko (ppH2S)kuko ingorane zo gusaduka zigenzurwa n’inguvu zituma hydrogène yinjira, ivyo bikaba vyiyongera iyo umuntu afise umukazo w’igice. Mu vy’ubuhinga, ppH2S itegerezwa gusuzumwa hamwe n’pH, chlorides, ubushuhe, n'uburyo amazi ariho, kuko ivyo bipimo bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi bwa SSC/HIC.

Ihindura ry'ibikorwa ry'isuzuma ry'inzira ya gazi-ni:

ppH2S=(H2S umuce w'umubiri) × (umuvuduko wose)

• Ku bijanye n'imiterere ya gazi,agace k'umubiri ≈ ppm / 1.000.000(ishimikiro rya ppmv).
• Gukoreshaumukazo nyawo(si igipimo).
• Ivyiyumviro vy'igice:1 umugozi=100 kPa; 1 psi ≈ 6,895 kPa.

Ingero zakozwe (ppm imwe, uburemere butandukanye):

• 1.000 ku rupapuro=0.001. KuriIbarabara 100umuvuduko wose: ppH2S=0.001 × 100 =0.1 umugozi.
• Ivyo nyene1.000kuri10 ibaraumuvuduko wose: ppH2S=0.001 × 10 =0.01 umugozi.
• Naho ppm isa, ikibazo ca kabiri gifise .10× ppH2S yo hasi, ivyo bikaba bikunda gutuma habaho ibisabwa bitandukanye vy’ibikoresho/ivy’igerageza mu mirongo ngenderwako y’umugambi.

Igituma ivyo bihambaye ku bijanye n’ugugura amatiyo:

Uko ppH2S igenda igwingira, imigambi irakomeza gucungera ibintu bituma SSC/HIC igira ingaruka-kenshiimipaka y’ubukomezi (na cane cane weld/HAZ), isuku ry’icuma/ugucungera gushiramwo, n’ubushobozi busabwa/uburebure bw’igerageza ry’umunyu (HIC/SSC iyo bigaragajwe). Ni co gituma itegeko ryo kugura rivuga gusa ngo "H2S=X ppm" akenshi ridahagije kugira ngo umuntu arangize ibikoresho vy'imiyoboro y'ibikorwa. Mu bikorwa, H2S (ppmv canke mol%),umukazo wose wo gukoresha, ubushuhe,pH, chlorides, n’uko hariho igice c’amazi c’ubuntu. Ivyo bishobora gushingwa, ppH2S irashobora gushingwa kandi inzira y’ibikoresho (n’inyandiko/igerageza bisabwa) irashobora gushirwaho mu buryo budahinduka. nyuma-intambwe yo gusubira gukora.

Ibisabwa mu bikoresho vy'umunyubirashirwaho kugira ngo bibuze SSC/HIC gutsindwa, rero itegeko rikwiye gusobanura umuyoboro nk'Ibikoresho vy'imiyoboro y'umunyu-si OD/WT n'agaciro gusa. Mu bikorwa, itegeko ryo kugura rikwiye kuvuga neza:

• Itegeko ry'umunyu:NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 (n’igice gikoreshwa), hamwe n’ibisobanuro vy’umukoresha/ishirahamwe.
• Ibahasha ry'ibikorwa (ishimikiro ry'uguhitamwo):ppH2S (canke igihimba ca H2S + umuvuduko wose), pH, ubushuhe, chlorides, n’uko amazi y’ubuntu ariho.
• Uburebure bwo kugenzura ibikoresho:ubuhinga bwo kugenzura (harimwo n’isuku/ibirimwo), inzira yo gukora ivyuma nk’uko bisabwa na spec, inzira yo gukoresha ubushuhe, n’ishimikiro ryo kugenzura uburemere.
• Igerageza ry'umunyu (igihe bisabwa na spec):Ivyigwa vya HIC / SSC, incuro umuntu afata ivyitegererezo, n’ingingo zo kwemererwa.
• PSL / ibisabwa vy'inyongera:nk'akarorero, API 5L PSL2 n'ibisabwa vy'inyongera vy'ibikorwa vy'umunyu -aho bishoboka.
• Igenzura ry'ugusudira/HAZ (niba umuyoboro w'ugusudira wemerewe):weld seam NDT scope n’ibisabwa vyose vy’ubukomezi/ubushobozi vyerekanwa n’umugambi ITP.

Uko Octal Pipe ishigikira amasoko y'ibikorwa:Octal Pipe mu bisanzwe itangura n'ibahasha ry'ibikorwahanyuma yubake isubiramwo-iteguye gukikuza -kwemeza nimba umuyoboro w’umurongo w’icuma ca carbone wemewe canke nimba ivyiza (ugucungera ubukomezi bikomeye, igerageza rikomeye ry’ubushobozi, CRA/clad/lining) bikenewe kugira ngo vyemezwe. Ku bijanye n’ivyo EPC itanga, turashobora gutangaikarita y'ugukurikirana ishingiye kuri lot-(ubushuhe/ububiko → gushiramwo ikimenyetso c’imiyoboro → amakuru y’igerageza), kandi ushire hamwe inyandiko (MTC + raporo z’isuzuma/igerageza) n’umugambi ITP kugira ngo isuzuma ry’ubuhinga ry’umukiriya n’ugusohora ibikoresho ntibicerezwe n’amahuza abuze.

Akarere ka 3 k'Ibikorwa vy'Umunyu (Umunyu ukaze)

Hariho ibiharuro vy’abakoresha bishira mu migwi uburemere bw’umunyu mu turere;Akarere ka 3ni kenshi ikoreshwa mu guserukiraigikorwa gisharira caneku bishushanyo vya pH vs ppH2S. Mu karere ka 3, abaguzi akenshi barakomeza inzira y’ibikoresho n’urugero rw’ubushobozi (ugucungera uburemere + igerageza ry’umunyu + inyandiko zikomeye cane) kubera ko amafaranga SSC ari make

Ihitamwo ry'umuyoboro w'umunyu -riterwa n'Ibahasha ry'ibikorwa ripimwa-ppH2S, pH, kloride, ubushuhe, n'inzira y'amazi-aho gushiramwo ikimenyetso c'umugambi. Ivyo bintu biri aha hepfo biradondorauko umurima umezeivyo bituma SSC/HIC igira ingorane n’ibisabwa mu gutanga amasoko.

• gazi y'umuvuduko munini -ifise "ppm iringaniye" H2S (ppH2S{1}}itwara uburemere):

Iyo H2S ppm nyene irashobora gukomera cane iyo umuvuduko wose uri hejuru, igasunika ppH2S mu karere aho imirongo ya SSC igabanuka. Imigambi irakomera caneubukomezi bwo kugenzurakandi bisaba ibimenyamenya vy’ubushobozi bisharira aho kwizigira izina ry’ishure gusa.

• Gazi itose / uruja n’uruza rw’inzira nyinshi n’amazi y’ubuntu + chlorides:

Iyo hariho igice c’amazi (ugukonja, amazi yasohotse, canke ibintu bibabaje), chlorides na pH ntoyi birongereza ukwinjira kw’ihydrogène n’igikorwa co gusenyuka. Amasoko akenshi asobanuraIgenzura/igerageza rya HIC (igihe bisabwa)n’ibisabwa vy’isuku ry’ivy’umubiri bitomoye kuruta.

• Ibidukikije bifise pH nto -biva kuri CO2 + amazi (aside carbonique), harimwo H2S:

CO2 ivuye mu mazi ihingura aside carbonique kandi igatuma ivyuka vyihuta gusenyuka; mbere na H2S ntoyi irashobora guhindura uburyo bwo kunanirwa buja kuri SSC/HIC. Abaguzi kenshi bongerakokwemera bikomeye cane ku kurwanya umunyun’ingingo z’ugusenyuka/gupfuka/gupfuka ziboshe kuri raporo y’amazi.

• Ubushuhe bugendagenda n'uguhagarika/gutangura:

"Ivyiyumviro" vyinshi biterwa n'ibikorwa vy'igihe gito: uguhinduka kw'ubushuhe, ugutera imbere kw'inguvu, n'ibihe vyo gutonyanga/kwuma. Ibisobanuro kenshi birakomeragusudira/ubugenzuzi bwa HAZ, kubera ko isonga ry’ubukomezi n’ibitera umubabaro wo mu karere bica biba ivy’agaciro cane mu gihe c’ugutwara ikinga.

• Gushirwa ahabona ku nkengera y’ikiyaga/ku nkengera y’ikiyaga n’umunyu + gutembera ku makinga atose–umye (hashizwemwo ibinyamakuru bisharira):

Ibidukikije vyo hanze vyongera ingorane z’ugusenyuka (umunyu, ubukonje, uturere tw’amazi) hejuru y’ingorane z’umunyu wo mu mutima. Amasoko akenshi ahuza ibisabwa kugira umuntu afise uburenganzira bwo gukora n’uburyo bwo gupfuka + kwemera gusuzuma(ibigenderwako mu misi mikuru, uburyo bwo gusanura).

• Ubuzima bufise asidi bufise ibihumanya (H2S, NH3, CO2, kloride):

Imirongo yo gusukura/y'imiti ishobora kubona ibintu bihumanye bivanze n'ibintu bitera uburozi, ivyo bikaba bihindura ingingo kuva ku "muyoboro w'umurongo usanzwe" gushika ku "ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga." Ibisabwa kenshi bihinduka inyandiko-iremereye:uburebure bw'ubushobozi butomoye, ishingiro ry'ubukomezi, n'ikarita yo gukurikirana.

Iciyumviro c'umuyoboro w'umunani:Mu bibazo vy'ibikorwa, Octal Pipe mu bisanzwe itangura mu kwemeza ibahasha ry'ibikorwa (ppH2S/pH/ubushuhe/chlorides/igice c'amazi) hanyuma igatunganya inzira y'ibikoresho, urugero rw'igerageza (igihe bigaragajwe), n'inyandiko zijanye n'ingingo ngenderwako{a}t gutekereza ku bintu.

Amasoko y'ibikorwa vy'umunyu-akenshi asenyuka ahantu habiri hamwe:isuzuma ry'ubuhinga(uburebure ntibutomoye) naGusohora urubuga(ibimenyamenya ntibijanye n’umuyoboro). Octal Pipe ifata igikorwa c'umunyu nk'igikorwa kigenzurwa, gisubiramwo-iteguye cubatswe kuva kuibahasha ry'ibikorwa-ppH2S, pH, ubushuhe, chlorides, n’inzira y’amazi-rero inzira y’ibikoresho, urugero rw’igerageza, n’inyandiko birahuzwa imbere y’uko igikorwa gitangura.

Ingero z'isi nyazo-aho ubu buryo buzigama umwanya no gusubira gukora:

• Akarorero 1 - "ppm isa n'iyiringaniye," umukazo utuma iba ikaze cane:

Raporo y'amazi ishobora kuvugaH2S=1.000, bishobora gusa n’ibishoboka iyo umuntu abibonye ubwa mbere. Ariko iyo umurongo ukora ku muvuduko munini, .H2S igice c'umuvuduko (ppH2S)birashobora gutuma igikorwa kija mu butegetsi busharira busaba cane. Muri ivyo bihe, benevyo barakomeza ibisabwa kuubukomezi bwo kugenzuran’ishimikiro ry’ubushobozi hakurikijwe MR0175/ISO 15156 (canke itegeko ry’umukoresha). Octal Pipe ivuga ivyo kare kandi ihindura raporo y'ubuhinga bwa shimi mu rwego rw'amasoko ashobora guca mu isubiramwo-aho kureka ibiganiro bikaza bicerewe nk'"ibisabwa bitari bitezwe."

• Akarorero 2 - gazi itose / amazi yasohotse + kloride zihindura uburyo bwo kunanirwa:

Iyo amazi y'ubuntu ariho kandi chlorides zikaba nyinshi, ingorane ziva ku "gusenyuka rusangi" zija kuUgutahura kwa SSC/HIC, kandi uwo mugambi woshobora gusaba .Igerageza rya HIC/SSC(canke ingingo zidasanzwe zo kwemera) aho gukoresha amajambo rusangi y’ukubahiriza amategeko. Octal Pipe ihuza ibikoresho n'umugambi wo kugerageza na ITP imbere y'igihe kugira ngo igice gishobore kurekurwa ku bimenyamenya vy'inyandiko aho gusobanura ikibazo-by-ikibazo.

Ivyo Octal Pipe itanga ku migambi y'ibikorwa (ibishobora gusuzumwa, si rusangi):

• Serivisi-ibahasha-ikoreshwa n'uguhitamwo ibikoresho:Umuyoboro w'umurongo w'umunyu w'icuma ca carbone iyo wemewe, ufise ubugenzuzi busabwa; kandi iyo ibahasha ibisaba, Octal Pipe irashobora gutanga ivyiyumviro vy’ugusubiramwo nk’gucungera ubukomezi bukomeye, ubushobozi bukomeye, canke amahitamwo ya CRA/clad/liningkugira ngo ukureho isuzuma rya nyen’itongo/EPC.
• Ivyemezo vy’ubushobozi n’ivy’isuzuma bihuye na PO/ITP:Igerageza rya HIC/SSC iyo rigaragajwe, UT/NDT ku rugero rw’umugambi, n’imigenzo y’ugusudira/HAZ igenzurwa aho bishoboka-rero kwemera ibikorwa vy’umunyu -bishigikirwa n’amadosiye.
• Ugukurikirana kurokoka ukuri kw'urubuga:Lot-ishingiye ku ikarita ihuzaubushuhe/uruzitiro → ikimenyetso c'imiyoboro → amakuru y'igerageza → MTC, kugabanya igihe gisanzwe co gucererwa kw'ibikorwa: "umuyoboro washikirijwe ariko ntiwasohotse" kubera amahuza abuze mu nyandiko.

Baza ubu

IBIBAZO bibazwa

 

 

Ikibazo: Ni igiki gisobanura igikorwa c’umunyu mu mirongo y’amavuta na gazi?

A:Ibikorwa vy’umunyu bisigura ko ibidukikije bikoreshwa (ppH2S, pH, ubushuhe, chlorides, n’inzira y’amazi) bishobora gutuma habaho ivyago biva ku hydrogène- nk’SSC/HIC, rero ivy’umubiri n’ukwemerwa bitegerezwa gukurikira .MR0175 / ISO 15156ibisabwa.

Ikibazo: Servisi y’umunyu H2S ppm - ppm yoba ihagije kugira ngo umuntu acire urubanza ku bubi?

A:Oya. Uburemere busuzumwa n’H2S igice c'umuvuduko (ppH2S), si ppm gusa; igicapo gikora nippH2S=(H2S umuce w'umubiri) × (umuvuduko wose).

Ikibazo: Ni ibihe bisabwa mu gukoresha ibikoresho vy’umunyu ku bikoresho vy’imiyoboro y’umunyu?

A:Igitabu c'ibikorwa gishasha gikwiye kuvuga ingingo ngenderwako (MR0175/ISO 15156),ibahasha ry'ibikorwa(ppH2S/pH/T/amazi/amazi), n’ivyo gucungera bisabwa nk’imipaka y'ubukomezikandiIgerageza rya HIC/SSCiyo bigaragajwe.

Ikibazo: Ni ibiki bisabwa mu gusudira?

A:Ibisabwa vyo gusudira bishingiye ku kugenzuragusudira/HAZ ubukomezi(kenshi biciye ku bugenzuzi bwa WPS/PQR nk’ubushuhe bwo kwinjiza n’ibikorwa vy’ihydrogène ntoyi) no gukora igenzura ry’uburemere iyo bisabwa n’umugambi ITP/spec kugira ngo ugabanye ingorane za SSC.

Ivyemezo

 

Icemezo ca CE

Icemezo ca ISO 9001

Icemezo ca API Q1

Icemezo ca ABS

Icemezo ca AP-5L

Icemezo ca API-5CT

 

Imisoro ishushe: igikorwa c'umunyu ; ibikorwa bidasanzwe, Ubushinwa igikorwa c'umunyu ; ibikorwa bidasanzwe abahinguzi, abaguzi, uruganda