Ivyuma vy'imiyoboro

Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro vy’impuzu bikoreshwa mu mirongo y’imiyoboro aho umurongo ukeneye ibikorwa bibiri bitandukanye igihe kimwe:inkomezi z'ubuhingakuva ku cuma co gushigikira na .guhangana n'ubumarabivuye mu mutimaCRAuruzitiro. Akenshi, umubiri wo hanze utwara umukazo n’umuzigo w’imibumbe, mu gihe igice c’imbere c’ivyuma gikingira ahantu hatose ibintu bishobora gutera uburozi nk’H₂S, CO2, chlorides, amazi asharira canke amazi akoreshwa mu gukora ibintu bitera ubukazi.

Ni co gituma ibikoresho vy’impuzu bigaragara kenshi mu migambi aho uburozi bukomeye cane ariko inyubako yuzuye ikomeye-y’ivyuma ntiyama ifise ishingiro mu vy’ubutunzi. Muri ubwo buryo, ivy’ingirakamaro .insobanuro y'umuyoboro wambayemu bikoresho si "ivyuma bibiri hamwe" gusa. Ni uburyo bwo guhingura butandukanya .umukazokuva kuuburozi-ubushobozi bwo kurwanya, hanyuma igacungera ingene ivyo bibiri bihurizwa hamwe mu gihe co guhingura, gusudira no gusuzuma.

Mu bikoresho vy’imiyoboro vy’impuzu, iIgipande ca CRAntivyongerwako gusa nk’ivyo gutera imbere. Bitegerezwa gukomeza gukora inyuma y’ahoguhingura, gutegura, gusudira, no gusuzuma, rero inzira y’ugufatanya iragira ico ikoze ata guca ku ruhande ku nyifato y’uguhingura no ku kwizigirwa kw’ibikorwa vya nyuma.

Uburyo nyamukuru bwo kwubaka bukoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho vy’impuzu ni .guturika gufatanya, gusudira gupfuka, gufatanya umuzingo ushushe, kandiubupfukisho bw'amashini. Naho uburyo bwose bune bufatanya ivyuma bishobora guhangana n’ugusenyuka-n’ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba canke ivyuma vy’umuyagankuba bifise ivyuma bike, ntivyigenza mu buryo bumwe ku bijanye n’ubunyankamugayo, Igenzura ry'uburebure bwa CRA, guhingura ukubereye, kandigusudira guhindura.

Uburyo bumwe bumwe burafise ingaruka zitandukanye ku bijanye n’uguhingura n’ugusuzuma. Nk'akarorero,guturika-bifatanyekandiUmuzingo ushushe ufatanyeibikoresho akenshi bicirwa urubanza cane n’ubunyankamugayon’uguhingura uburyo, mu gihe .gusudira gupfukauburyo busaba kwitwararika caneuburebure bwo gupfuka, gusenyura, n’ubuhinga bwa shimi bw’ivyuma vy’iherezo.Ubuhinga bwo gupfukabishobora kuba vyiza mu mice imwimwe, ariko mu bisanzwe birasubirwamwo vyitondewe cane iyo umugambi urimwo ugutwara ibintu bikomeye, bisaba guhinduranya ivyuma, canke ibisabwa bikomeye vy’ugukomeza gusenyuka kw’imbere.

Mu majambo ngirakamaro, inzira y’ugufatanya ntikwiye gufatwa nk’agace gatoyi k’uguhingura. Bigira ico bikoze kuri:

• ingene igihimba gihuye gikorwa
• ingene igihimba c'umubiri n'igihimba c'umubiri gica bitegurwa
• ingene gusudira bibereye
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusuzuma bukenewe
• ingene inzitizi ya CRA isuzumwa imbere yo kurekurwa

Ni co gituma uburyo bwo gufatanya bukwiye kuguma bujanye n’umugambiibidukikije, ubushuhe bwo guhingura, urugero rw'umukazo, kandiinzira yo guhingura, aho gutorwa gusa kubera ko hariho.

Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro vy’impuzu biratorwa kugira ngo bigumekoimbere mu gusenyuka-intambamyi idashobora gusenyukan’ugukomeza biciye mu guhindura uburongozi, guhuza amashami, guhindura ubunini, no gufunga iherezo. Mu mirongo y’amazi n’imigenderanire, ubwoko busanzwe ni ibikokora, ivyuma, ibigabanya, ibipfukisho, n’ivyuma vy’imbere. Ishingiro nyaryo ry’urugero rivana n’ivyo .ubwoko bubereye, Ishure ry'ibikorwa, Ibikoresho vy'ishimikiro, kandiInzira y'ubwubatsi bwa CRA.

Ku bikoresho vy'ivyuma vy'imbere -, urugero rw'ingero akenshi rushingiye kuriASME B16.9, mu gihe .Ibikoresho vy'ishimikiro / ibikoresho vya CRAbishobora gukurikira ivyerekeye ASTM bitandukanye bivanye n’ubwubatsi. Ku bikorwa vy'imiyoboro y'inkomezi nyinshi-,Igitabu SP-75birashobora gukoreshwa aho ishimikiro ry'umugambi risaba ibikoresho vy'imiyoboro-ivy'agaciro. Ivyuma vy’imbere vy’imbere ntibikwiye gushirwa munsi y’urugero rumwe rw’ingero nk’ivy’ibitugu canke ivy’imbere, kuko mu bisanzwe bigenzurwa n’ASME B16.5 / B16.47ahoB16.9.

Ku bikoresho vy’imiyoboro vy’impuzu, uguhitamwo ibikoresho akenshi bikorwa nk’ibice bibiri-bihuriweko: muIbikoresho vyo gushigikiraitwara umukazo n’umuzigo w’imibumbe, mu gihe .CRA / ibikoresho vyo gupfukairinda ahantu h’imbere hatose kugira ngo ntihagire uburozi. Ivyo bipande bibiri bitorwa hamwe, ntibitorwa ku giti cabo, kubera ko igihimba ca nyuma gishobora guhazwa vyose bibiri .igikorwa c'ubuhingakandiguhangana n'ubumara.

Mu majambo y’ingirakamaro, .icuma co gushigikirabikwiye guhura n’urugero rw’inguvu z’umugambi, inzira yo gusudira, n’ibisabwa mu mibumbe, mu giheIgipande ca CRAbikwiye gutorwa hakurikijwe ingorane nyazo z’ugusenyuka - nk’kloride-yatewe n'ibinogo, umunyu -umuyagankuba, igitero ca CO2, canke ibinyamakuru vy’imigenderanire y’imiti. Inyungu y’ico gikoresho ni uko iyo nzira igumya inkomezi n’ubushobozi bwo gusudira icuma c’ishimikiro mu gihe ikoresha ivyuma bizimvye cane aho gusa mu vy’ukuri bikenewe gukingira uburozi.

Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro vy’ibara ry’agahama ntibihingwa gusa ku buryo busabwa; bategerezwa kandi kuguma bafise ubunyankamugayo bw’Igipande ca CRA, muIkigaragara gifatanye, n’aho bategurira gusudira biciye mu nzira yuzuye y’uguhingura. Ivyo bisigura ko ukugenzura uburyo bw’ibintu bitacirirwa urubanza gusa ku rugero rwarangije, ariko no ku kuba ivyo bikoresho bishobora gushitsa ibisabwa vyo gusenyuka no guhingura inyuma yo guhingura, gusudira no gusuzuma ivya nyuma.

KuriUmuyoboro w'umunani, ukwizigira uburyo bw’ibikoresho vy’impuzu vy’imbere mu bisanzwe vyibanda ku bintu bikurikira:

• Igenzura ry'ingerokugira ngo wemeze uburinganire bubereye ugereranije n'ingingo mfatirwako zikoreshwa, mu bisanzweASME B16.9
• UT / RTaho bisabwa, kugenzura ahantu h'ubufatanye canke ubutungane bujanye n'ubufatanye-bivanye n'inzira y'ubwubatsi
• PT / MTkugira ngo umenye amakosa yo ku ruhande ahantu hahambaye
• Igerageza ry'amaziiyo bigaragajwe n'ibisabwa n'umugambi canke ITP
• Igenzura ry'uburebure bwa CRAkugira ngo wemeze ko igice kidashobora gusenyuka-kiguma mu rugero rukenewe inyuma yo gukorwa
• Igenzura ry'amasoy'ibipande, ivy'imbere mu nzu, n'ibibanza bishobora gutuma umuntu agira ico akoze ku bijanye n'ugushiramwo canke gusohoka

Igisohoka ca nyuma gishigikirwa naMTCs, kandi iyo bisabwe, birashobora kandi gushiramwo .PMI, Amadosiye ya NDE, raporo z'ingero, n'inyandiko z'igenzura z'uwundi muntu.{0}}. Ku bikoresho vy’impuzu, uru ruhererekane rw’inyandiko rurahambaye kubera ko kwemerwa kutavana gusa n’ibikoresho vy’ishimikiro, ariko kandi no ku kwemeza ubudasiba n’uburyo bw’uburyo bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka-.

Inyungu nyamukuru y’imiyoboro yambayeni uko zifatanya ibikorwa bibiri mu gice kimwe: .icuma c'ishimikiroitanga inkomezi z'imibumbe n'ubushobozi bwo kwikorera umukazo-, mu giheimbere muri CRAirinda ahantu hatose ibintu bishobora gutera uburozi. Ivyo bituma ibikoresho vy’ibara ry’agahama biba amahitamwo meza aho umurongo ukeneye guhangana n’ugusenyuka, ariko inyubako yuzuye ikomeye-CRA yokwongerako igiciro c’ivyuma bidakenewe.

Ugereranije n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa CRA vyuzuye, ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa clad akenshi bitorwa kubera izi mpamvu:

• Gukoresha ivyuma bike n'igiciro c'umugambi kigenzurwa cane
• ubushobozi bukomeye bw'ubuhinga buva ku cuma gishigikira
• uburinzi bw'imbere mu gusenyukaSerivisi isharira, amazi y'ikiyaga, n’ibindi binyamakuru vy’ubukazi .
• guhinduranya cane imiterere y'ibintu n'amapaki manini y'imiyoboro
• ubuzima buramba mu bikoresho bishobora gusenyuka bifise incuro nke zo gusubirizwa

Ni co gituma ibikoresho vy’impuzu bikoreshwa cane mu 2012.amabarabara yo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga, amazu yo gusukura, imirongo y'amazi yo munsi y'ikiyaga, kandiuburyo bwo gutunganya imitiaho ubutungane bw’umuvuduko n’ugucungera uburozi bitegerezwa kurimburwa hamwe.

Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro vy’amazi bikoreshwa canecane mu mirongo ahoimbere muri sisitemu irabora, mugabo iyo tiyo iracari ikeneye inkomezi, ubushobozi bwo gusudira be n’imiterere y’igiciro c’icuma ca carbonecankehasi -icuma gikozwe mu cumaku ruhande rw’inyuma. Mu migambi nyayo, zisanzwe cane mu bikorwa aho amazi ashobora kuba arimwo .H₂S, CO2, kloride, amazi yasohotse, canke ibindi bikoresho bitera ubumara bitera imbere mu mubiri uko igihe kigenda kirarenga.

Ibisabwa bisanzwe birimwo:

• imiyoboro y'amavuta na gazi yo mu kiyaga

Ikoreshwa mu mirongo y’amazi n’amatiyo y’ibikorwa aho amazi y’ikiyaga agaragara, igikorwa c’umunyu, n’amazi y’iriba atera ubumara bituma uburinzi bwa CRA bwo mu mutima buba ngombwa.

• imirongo y'amazi yo munsi y'ikiyaga no gufatanya-mu bipimo

Cane cane kuibikokora, ama tees, n'ibigabanya, aho uguhinduka kw’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga n’ugushira hamwe kw’ivyuma bituma ugucungera uburozi biba vyiza cane.

• amahinguriro yo ku butaka n'ibice vy'ubuhinga bwa peteroli

Ikoreshwa mu mirongo y’ibikorwa itwara amazi ashobora gutera uburozi, amazi asharira, canke imigezi irimwo kloride-aho ibikoresho vy’ivyuma bikomeye-vyokwongerera cane igiciro c’umugambi.

• gusukura gazi no gukora -uburyo bw'amazi

Ibisanzwe mu mirongo y'amazi n'amashami y'amahuzagazi itose, gazi ya aside, cankeurushinge rw'amazi / gusubira gutera urushingeigikogwa.

• gukuraho umunyu n'imirongo y'amazi y'amazi menshi -klorure

Ikoreshwa aho uruhande rw’ubuhinga rubona amazi afise chloride-tunze, ariko iyo sisitemu iracari inyungu ku ntumbero y’imiterere y’icuma ca carbone.

• yatoweubushobozi-uruvyarokandiubushuhe-uguhindura amatiyo

Cane cane aho ugusenyuka kw’imbere ari co kibazo nyamukuru c’ibikoresho, ariko umurongo wose ntusaba inyubako yuzuye ikomeye-CRA.

Mu bikorwa, ibikoresho vy’impuzu birafise agaciro cane ku bintu nk’ivyoamahinduka y'inzira, amashami, kandiubunini bw'imihindukire, kuko ivyo ni vyo bibanza .Guhungabana kw'uruzi, amahuriro, kandigushikirwa n'ubumarakenshi baraza hamwe. Aho niho kenshi igice c’imbere ca CRA gitera itandukaniro rinini mu vy’ubuhinga.

Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro vy’imiyoboro bikunda gusubirwamwo ku bijanye n’ingingo ngenderwako zirenga imwe, kuko ivyo bibereye bitegerezwa guhazwa .Ingano, ibikoresho/ibisabwa vyo gusenyuka, kandi rimwe na rimweamategeko y'umugambi canke y'ibikorwa vyo hanze y'ikiyagamuri ico gihe nyene. Mu bikorwa,ASME B16.9ni kenshi ikoreshwa ku butt-weld bihuye n'ingero,API 5LDni kenshi yerekezwa kuCRA yambaye canke ifise umurongo, kandiNACE MR0175 / ISO 15156bica biba ivy’agaciro mu 2019.Serivisi isharira. Ku bikorwa vyo mu kiyaga biri munsi y’uburinzi bwa katodike,DNV{0}}RP{1}}F112birashobora kandi gukoreshwa.

Ivyuma vy’imiyoboro vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma. Niibice vy'umuvudukoryagenewe guhuza uruhara rw’imiterere y’icuma co gushigikiran'uburinzi bw'ubumara bw'imbereIgipande ca CRA. Mu migambi nyayo, agaciro kayo kavana n’ingene ivyuma bihuye neza n’ivyo .ubufasha, Ibikoresho vy'ishimikiro, Igitigiri ca CRA, inzira yo gufatanya, kandiuburyo bwo guhinguray’umurongo. Ni co gituma isubiramwo ry’impuzu zibereye rikwiye kwama rirenga ubunini n’urutonde. Igikoresho co gushiramwo ibintu gibereye gusa mu buryo bw’ubuhinga iyoumukazo-umubiri wikorera, Intambamyi yo gusenyuka yo mu mutima, kandigukurikirana igenzuravyose biguma bihuye n’ishimikiro ry’imiterere y’imiyoboro.

Baza ubu

IBIBAZO bibazwa

 

 

01.Ivyo ni ibikiinsobanuro y'umuyoboro wambayemu bikoresho vy’imiyoboro?

Mu bikoresho,insobanuro y'umuyoboro wambayeakenshi yerekeza ku gice gifiseicuma ca carbone canke ibikoresho vy'inyuma vy'ivyumakubera inkomezi n’imbereIgipande ca CRAkubera guhangana n’ugusenyuka. Bitandukanye n’ivyo .CRA ikomeye, ku murongo, cankegupfuka-gusaubwubatsi, kuko ugushiramwo kwa nyuma bitegerezwa guhazwa vyose bibiri .Gukingira umukazokandiuburinzi bw'ubumaramuri ico gihe nyene.

02.Bikwiye guteIbikoresho vyo gupfuka imiyoborogutorwa kubera ibikoresho vy’imiyoboro vy’impuzu?

Guhitamwo ibikoresho bikwiye gukorwa nk’ababiri: iicuma co gushigikirayatowe kuberaumugwi w'umuvuduko, inkomezi, n'ubushobozi bwo gusudira, mu gihe .Igipande ca CRAni yatowe ku bw'ukuriuburyo bwo gusenyuka, nka nkaH₂S, CO2, kloride, canke ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gukora aside. Mu gutanga amasoko, urufunguruzo si izina rya CRA gusa, ahubwo ni nimbaIbikoresho vy'ishimikiro + CRA ihuriweihuye n'umugwi w'umurongo n'imimerere y'igikorwa.

03.Ni igiki abaguzi bakwiye gusuzuma imbere yo kwemeza ibikoresho vy’ibara ry’agahama kuUmuyoboro wa CRA?

Ivyiyumviro bihambaye cane akenshi ni .ikimenyetso c'ibikoresho vy'ishimikiro, Kwemeza amanota ya CRA, uburebure bubereye bwambaye canke bupfutse, ubunyankamugayoaho bishoboka,PMI ku ruhande rwa CRA, Amadosiye ya NDE, kandi yuzuyeubushuhe/ugukurikirana vyinshi. MuUmuyoboro wa CRA, ivyiza bitegerezwa guhura n'ishimikiro ry'imiterere n'ubuhinga bwo kugenzura uburozi-y'umurongo.

04.Ni ibiki bihinduka mu gihe co gushiramwo amatiyo ugereranyije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe vy’icuma ca carbone?

Ubutandukane nyamukuru buri ku .gushiramwo-hejuru no gusudira. Abaguzi n’abahinguzi akenshi barakeneye kugenzura .ikibiriti, CRA igabanya, gusudira, gusenyura, n'uburinzi bw'imbere -bushobora guhangana n'ubumara. Igikoresho co gupfuka gishobora kuba gifise ingero zigororotse ariko kigatuma haba ingorane zo gushiramwo iyo imbereUgukomeza kwa CRAni yononekaye mu gihe co gutegura bevel canke gusudira.

05.Ni ryari ibikoresho vy’imiyoboro vy’impuzu bikundwa kuruta ibikoresho vy’imiyoboro bikomeye vy’i CRA?

Ivyuma vy’impuzu birakundwa cane iyo ivyuma bikoreshwa bitera ubumara kuimbere, ariko uwo mugambi uracariko uraronka inyungu ku nkomezi n’imiterere y’ibiciro vy’icuma ca carbone canke icuma gito -ku ruhande rw’inyuma. Zirakunda cane cane mu 2012.Umuyoboro wa CRA, Serivisi isharira, imirongo y'amazi yo mu nkengera y'ikiyaga, Yakozwe-uburyo bw'amazi, n’iyindi mirongo aho inyubako yuzuye y’ivyuma bikomeye-yokwongerera cane igiciro c’ibikoresho vyose.

Ivyemezo

 

Icemezo ca CE

Icemezo ca ISO 9001

Icemezo ca API Q1

Icemezo ca ABS

Icemezo ca AP-5L

Icemezo ca API-5CT

 

Imisoro ishushe: imiyoboro yambaye, Ubushinwa abahinguzi b'imiyoboro yambaye, abagurisha, uruganda